1. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 1   MICE The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

2. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 2 MICE 1. Why, what and who? 2. MICE Funding/status/schedule -- Phase I -- Phase II 3. Conclusions Collaboration membership and organization in appendix http://mice.iit.edu

3. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 3 IONIZATION COOLING principle: this will surely work..! Difficulty: affordable prototype of cooling section only cools beam by 10%, while standard emittance measurements barely achieve this precision. Solution: measure the beam particle-by-particle A delicate technology and integration problem Need to build a realistic prototype and verify that it works (i.e. cools a beam) Can it be built? Operate reliably? What performance can one get? state-of-the-art particle physics instrumentation will test state-of-the-art accelerator technology. reality (simplified) ….maybe…

4. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 4  Incoming muon beam Variable Diffuser Beam PID TOF 0 Cherenkov TOF 1 Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3 Downstream TOF 2 particle ID: KL and SW Calorimeter RF cavities 1RF cavities 2 Spectrometer solenoid 1 Matching coils 1&2 Focus coils 1 Spectrometer solenoid 2 Coupling Coils 1&2 Focus coils 2Focus coils 3 Matching coils 1&2 10% cooling of 200 MeV/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF single particle measurements => measurement precision can be as good as  out /  in ) = 10 -3 never done before either…

5. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 5 Challenges of MICE: (these things have never been done before) 1.Operate RF cavities of relatively low frequency (201 MHz) at high gradient (nominal 8MV/m in MICE, 16 MV/m with 8 MW and LN2 cooled RF cavities) in highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields (1-3 T) dark currents (can heat up LH 2 ), breakdowns 2. Hydrogen safety (substantial amounts of LH 2 in vicinity of RF cavities) 3. Emittance measurement to relative precision of 10 -3 in environment of RF bkg requires low mass (low multiple scattering) and precise tracker fast and redundant to fight dark-current-induced background precision Time-of-Flight for particle phase determination(±3.6 0 = 50 ps) complete set of PID detectors to eliminate beam pions and decay electrons and… 4. Obtaining (substantial) funding for R&D towards a facility that is not (yet) in the plans of a major lab

6. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 6

7. 7 Design of MICE detectors and beam test results satisfy the above requirements

8. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 8  Aspirational MICE Schedule now (~unchanged since march 2006) 1 October 2007 STEP I December 2007 STEP III STEP II STEP IV Early 2009 STEP V Summer 2009 STEP VI 2010 PHASE II R&D beam line + detector commissionning starts August 2007! PHASE I March 2008

9. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 9 The MICE BEAM LINE

10. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 10 Target test succesful Oct-Nov06 beam at 50Hz/64 (1.28s) only 10 A target drive (need ~40) Review on 6 march 2007 Ballistic control of target critical… will be operated 3 months in beam before October run ISIS pulses at 50Hz with flat top for ~2ms. Electromagnetic driver dips target in and out in~3ms. Resp: Sheffield, Glasgow actuator: MICE Target in lab on the beam line shielded detectors in place

11. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 11 Beam line Construction at RAL is in full swing PSI solenoid layout in the vault quads refurbishment PSI sol. cryo in the hall drilling holes

12. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 12 MICE Hall and infrastructure: Vault closed Cycle start INSTALLATION Commissng Operation

13. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 13 No access target upstream beam line upstream beam monitors B1 controled PSI sol B2 Collimator CV and CH CKOV and TOF0

14. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 14 Tracker Prototypes with 3, 4 triple-planes were built and tested on cosmics and test beam at KEK (in 1 T mag field) ==> curvature measurement OK. Improved QA procedures for final production Full production of tracker started in January 2007 Fibre preparation & ribbon production at FNAL complete First production VLPC cryostat is under construction (works at 50Hz mains!) COMMISSION AT RAL STARTING in JUNE 2007 two identical trackers with 5 planes of 3-views, 440  m point resolution achieved scintillating fiber detector read-out with VPLCs (7-fold ganging of 350  m diameter fibers) 1000 mm ~330 mm resp: Japan,UK,US

15. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 15 TOF0, TOF1, KL; SW TOF is Responsibility of M. Bonesini et al (INFN Milano, Pavia, Roma + Gva & Sofia) Technically: Two layers (x and y) of 4cm wide hodoscopes 60 ps resolution achieved in test beam Phototubes/electronics/magnetic shield defined construction of TOF0 and TOF1 underway all phototubes and scintillator purchased electronics purchased or under construction ==> on course for delivery at RAL in August 2007 Very useful tools for beam diagnostics alignment etc… KL calorimeter (4 X0 of lead sci-fibers sandwitch)  first recognition of electrons Under construction at ROMA III (L. Tortora) delivery in october 2007 SW calorimeter (100X100 X 80 cm deep scintillator ranger for positive muon ID) First prototype layer under construction in Trieste (FNAL/Trieste/GVA collab.) aim is to be operational in 2008 for full downstream PID capability

16. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 16  60 L=60  65 L=90 tracker Spectrometer solenoid TOF and shielding KL calorimeter SW calorimeter

17. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 17 DATE framework (ALICE expt @cern) Readout by VME Trigger signals and run modes established Control and monitoring established (Daresbury) … MICE DAQ & Trigger data rate ~1MHz February, 2007: DAQ test bench set up at Uni-Geneva March, 2007: Order MICE Stage 1 FEE hardware July, 2007: Move MICE DAQ system to RAL September, 2007: DAQ working in MICE Stage 1 Gva, UK, IIT, Osaka

18. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 18 Preparing for PHASE I : software, analysis & DATA Challenge 1. Basic simulation and reconstruction of MICE is complete for the various steps Both G4MICE and MUCOOL are used. 2. Putting it all together to do analysis (particle reconstruction, particle ID algorithms Single particle amplitude and emittance calculations, etc…) 3. Data challenge launched in March 2007 4. Shortage of hands (general in MICE) is particularly felt here. Example  Bias on emittance due to muon decays Would be ~0.5% (i.e. 5% error on cooling meast) Reduced to <<0.1% by PID+ tracker This uses tracker & TOF info and PID signals +Neural Network

19. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 19 Run plan -- steps I and II  STEP I Aug.- Nov. 2007 STEP II dec. 2007 to march 2008 Goal:Establish beam match andwhether we have all knobsnecessary to drawemittance vs. transmissioncurve. Measure emittance preliminary estimate STEP I requires 60 shifts (20 days of running) beam line commissionning, target tuning (rates), DAQ and detector shake down STEP II requires 150 shifts (50 days, will extend in 2008) Alignment of beam x,x’,y,y’, (Lack of) dispersion, check range of transverse emittance, and range of momenta measure emittance and… publish first paper total for steps I & II: 70 days Runnng time: Take 200-400 muons per 1ms spill once per second In steps I-IV 1% (0.1%) emittance meast will take <1 (<100) minute 10 times longer in steps V and VI where phase matters.

20. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 20 Instrumentation/commissioning strawman schedule 2007 (from february 2007) TaskMilestoneCommissioning period U/stream diagnostics13Jul0714Jul07 – 08Aug07 CKOV 114Jul0721Jul07 – 08Aug07 D/stream diagnostics14Aug0715Aug07 – 22Agu07 TOF 014Aug0715Aug07 – 22Aug07 Tracker (no solenoid)22Aug0723Aug07 – 30Aug07 TOF 122Aug0723Aug07 – 30Aug07 Downstream scint.22Aug0723Aug07 – 30Aug07 KL31Aug0701Sep07 – 15Sep07 start phase I data taking02Oct0702 Oct07 - Tracker solenoid01Nov0702Nov07 – 22Nov07 Tracker+ diffuser +TOF1+KL in solenoid 22Nov0722Nov07 – 30Nov07 Step II, first run start30Nov0723Nov07 – 21Dec07 End of run party21Dec07 Probably shifted by ~one month

21. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 21 2. Preparing for phase II LH2 Absorber (UK, US, Japan) AFC module (UK) RF R&D (Mucool-NFMCC) RF power (LBNL+ CERN -> Daresbury lab  RAL) Coupling Coils (LBNL-Harbin ICST) SW calorimeter (GVA-FNAL-Trieste) Main technological uncertainty towards PHASEII is MUCOOL RF R&D. This emphasizes the need for the MUCOOL coupling coil! Main issue is funding.

22. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 22 The complete cell of the study II cooling channel is composed of two RF coupling-coil modules with an absorber-focus pair module in the middle This corresponds to step VI. Although ionization cooling could already be observed in step V, several aspects of the system such as -- flip between two modules and longitudinal emittance growth would not be covered fully. The complete MICE project extends to step VI (MICE needs two RFCC modules and three AFC modules)

23. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 23 RF power system completion of test stand in 2007 (Daresbury Lab) relationship with CERN & phase 2 FC Module Tender spec complete announcement in EU journal made Hydrogen System Spec almost ready for review Metal hydride storage tank with capacity of 20 m 3 of hydrogen Safety review and HAZOP for H2 system has been passed.

24. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 24 -- USA: funding from the NFMCC (DOE baseline scenario 4.125M$) + 4MW RF source + NSF grant (IIT) 300k$ + MRI grant (tracker + tracker solenoid) 750k$ (NB tracker part was reduced substantially by D0 electronics deal) + DOE suppl. for MUCOOL coupling coil 300k$ + Fermilab 800k$ + NSF tracker proposal by Pr G. Hanson 400 k$ (postdocX3 years) (+ equal amount of startup fund) further request submitted: NSF MRI for MUCOOL CC (should know by june) + other avenues being investigated (e.g. PIRES) Summary of funding situation (I) -- UK: PhaseI = 9.7M£ (OST+ rolling grants + CCLRC contributions) Phase II bid submitted in July 2007. Peer review positive; recommended 100% of support for engineering 2 + option for 3d focus pair modules support for exploitation Merge of CCLRC and PPARC into STFC leads to general review during next year  reconcilitation for one year funding. Authorization to post official notice for FC module in EU journal (1st step in call for tender process)

25. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 25 -- Japan: Very important contribution by Osaka and KEK was interrupted in 2006 Bids have been resubmitted for US-Japan coll. and Japan No effect on tracker. Affects absorber bodies and controls. -- Switzerland: PSI solenoid Uni-Geneva+SNF (DAQ, trigger + TOF0 PMTS + 2PhD+1RA ~ 1000 kCHF so far) additional request for online (100kCHF) in preparation +Bulgaria collaboration (travel, PID electronics) (74kCHF granted) -- CERN: 1 RF station providing 4MW (173kCHF or 110k€ + 0.3 FTE) agreed on 3 Nov 2006: Maurizio Vretenar charged of execution -- Netherlands: (Mag probes) -- Italy: (TOF, Calorimeter) 500 k€ from INFN + 200 k€ from RAL end-of-year 2006 to completion project recognized within INFN NTA (New Techniques of Acceleration) -- China: (MICE coupling coils) propose to build first coupling coil with US funding (MUCOOL coupling coil) + bid submitted from ICST to HIT for + delivery of two MICE coupling coils (requires NFMCC to purchase the conductor and power supplies) Summary of funding situation (II)

26. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 26 Summary of funding situation (III) Missing but requested: 1. UK: Phase II bid 2. US: Mucool coupling coil MRI bid (rest is within MICE 2005 5yrs plan) 3. China: MICE coupling coils 4. Japan: Absorbers bodies and controls + everywhere: manpower

27. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 27 Beyond PHASEII -- Ideas for « Phase III » ONCE PHASEII will be completed, having equipped the MICE hall with -- spectrometers, TOF and PID able to measure emittance to 10 -3 -- 8 MW of 201MHz RF power -- 23 MV of RF acceleration -- Liquid Hydrogen infrastructure and safety MICE can become a facility to test new cooling ideas. Such ideas were proposed: A. with the existing MICE hardware to test optics beyond the neutrino Factory study II: non flip optics, low-beta optics (down to 5 cm vs 42 cm nominal) other absorber materials He, Li, LiH, etc.. LN2 cooled RF cavities B. with additional hardware: -- A. Skrinsky to test a lithium lense available at Novosibirsk -- Muons Inc. to test a section of helicoidal channel (MANX)

28. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 28 0. MICE will be taking data in 166 days 1. The collaboration is making excellent progress in all fronts: Simulations, R&D, engineering, prototyping and construction The funding for phase I is complete, but manpower is never in excess US contributions have been fundamental since the start of MICE (concept,engineering) and continue to be (detectors, electronics) 2. MICE will start phase I data taking in summer/fall 2007 Steps I, II, III will allow beam tuning, first measurement of emittance and verification of systematics. 3. The funding for phase II is submitted and under review. The MUCOOL R&D is critical to the continuation of the experiment and suffers from the lack of a coupling coil NOW. 4. MICE phase II requires 2 RFCC modules and 3 AFC modules to allow full benefit from MICE until step VI. 5. Our aim is to assure that step VI can be performed in good time for 2010. MUTAC support will be highly valuable for this. Conclusions

29. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 29 Intense K physics Intense Low-E muons Neutrino Factory Higgs(es) Factory(ies) Energy Frontier -> 5 TeV circa 1997-1999 US, Europe, Japan Possible layout of a muon complex on the CERN site.

30. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 30 High-power target. 4MW. good transmission MERIT experiment (CERN) Major challenges tackled by R&D expts Fast muon cooling MICE experiment (RAL) Fast, large aperture accelerator (FFAG) EMMA (Daresbury) ISS baseline

31. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 31 200MHz RF cavity with beryllium windows Liquid-hydrogen absorbers Scintillating-fiber tracker Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment MICE Status: Approved at RAL(UK) First beam: 10-2007 Funded in: UK,CH,It,JP,NL,US Further requests: JP,UK,US, PRChina… Single-  beam ~200 MeV/c 4T spectrometer I 4T spectrometer II TOF Cooling cell (~10%)  =5-45cm, liquid H 2, RF Final PID: TOF Calorimeter Demonstrate feasibility and performance of a section of cooling channel by 2010 Prototyping: FIRST BEAM IN OCTOBER 2007

32. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 32 NUFACT00 2000-2001 NUFACT01 7:00 am Sept. 2001 November 2001 January 2002 June 2002 January 2003 July 2003 October 2003 December 2003 June 2004 20 December 2004 March 2005 April 2005 June 2006 July 2006 October 2007 Re-activated the recognized need for muon cooling expt Workshops on Cooling Experiment (CERN, Chicago, London) Steering group formed Workshop at CERN where final experiment took shape. Letter of Intent (LOI) submitted to PSI and RAL PSI cannot host experiment, will collaborate (beam solenoid) RAL IPRP Review Panel encouraged submission of a proposal Proposal submitted Recommendation by International Peer Review Panel ‘Scientific approval’ letter by RAL CEO John Wood Gateway 1 review Gateway 1 passed on ‘amber’ Gateway 2/3 passed (MICE PHASE I) UK phase I funding approved by PPARC and CCLRC 9.7 M£ US NFMCC proposes a 5-year plan to fund MICE Harbin ICST joins MICE collaboration UK phase II bid submitted …. First beam in MICE step I MICE is an international effort from the start.

33. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 33 Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium University of Sofia, Bulgaria The Harbin Institute for Super Conducting Technologies PR China INFN Milano, INFN Napoli, INFN Pavia, INFN Roma III, INFN Trieste, Italy KEK, Kyoto University, Osaka University, Japan NIKHEF, The Netherlands CERN Geneva University, Paul Scherrer Institut Switzerland Brunel, Cockcroft/Lancaster, Glasgow, Liverpool, ICL London, Oxford, Darsbury, RAL, Sheffield UK Argonne National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Fermilab, Illinois Institute of Technology, Jefferson Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UCLA, Northern Illinois University, University of Iowa, University of Mississippi, UC Riverside, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA THE MICE COLLABORATION -128 collaborators-

34. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 34 Internal MICE Organization MICE charter was voted in 2003. Spokesperson election concluded 15/4/2007 Collaboration board 1 rep/institute elects spokesperson reviews EB activity votes on decisions prepared by EB chair: Dan Kaplan (IIT) Executive Board 12 spokesperson deputy Project manager software coord. analysis coord. 2 reps from UK,US,EU,JP manages collaboration life nominates personels prepares decisions for CB Technical Board 12 Project manager: Paul Drumm Deputies Bross, Lau, Virostek management of the project reports to EB +spokesperson +deputy +software coord. +level 2 WBS coordinators enforces design and safety reviews change control documents exp.design Editorial board Chair Dan Kaplan Speakers bureau Chair Ken Long Analysis forum Chair John Cobb controls quality of publications proposes publication policy solicits talks at conferences and proposes speakers discusses how to achieve the physics goals of the experiment numbers of meetings per year 3 ~3 12 3 collaboration meetings/yr 1 video conf/month Installation/Commissionning/Operations (MICO) NEW 1 representative of each MICE subsystem

35. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 35 Single particle Amplitude Measurements in MICE Transmission versus amplitude Large emittance beam Empty channel Transmission versus amplitude Large emittance beam Channel with absorbers & RF Emittance = RMS amplitude of muons in beam MICE can measure the amplitudes of single muons (6D radius in emittance ellipsoid) Increase in central phase space density  Dramatic demonstration of Cooling Increase of central phase space density

36. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 36 RF cavity test at fermilab:

37. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 37 201MHz cavity in magnetic field? At this point we do not know if a 200 MHz cavity can operate reliably with 4T fields from the focus pairs Performance of NUFACT is strongly affected by this (muon decays!) NUFACT performance assumes 12 MV/m MICE normal operation is 8MV/m (8MW on 8 cavities at room Temp) MICE can reach 12 MV/m this by cooling all cavities with LiqN 2 MICE can reach up to 16MV/m (8MW on 2 cavities or 4 LiqN 2- cooled) MUCOOL single cavity can reach 16 MV/m but present MUCOOL magnet only allows 0.2T on window with very divergent B field will be tried anyway - instrum. ready What is really needed here is MUCOOL Coupling coil strong multipactor was observed in 800 MHz cavity-->

38. MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 38 4 m Cooling Channel Far end 3 m matching section Front end 3 m matching section Total channel length 10 m Total energy 10-15 MJ Z axis muon beam injection LHe absorber inside the channel LHe vessel diameter 1.1 m Outer diameter 1.4 m LHe volume (1.1m dia.) 10 m³ LHe volume absorber (0.5m dia.) 3 m³