1. Who is this Jesus? And what is His “Gospel” message? Bumble@tnsa.net

2. Review 1)Is there a Creator God (without an appeal that the Bible said so)? What about evidences from science? 2)Did that Creator God communicate to us? Is that communication in the Bible? How do you know?

3. Who is this Jesus? And what is His “Gospel” message?

4. Who is this Jesus?

5. Why? - Find an explanation that fit a worldview (no miracle, no god, ancient people are ignorant, etc.) - The Biblical Jesus interfere with a preferred lifestyle

6. Who is this Jesus? John 9 (follow the healing of the blind) - “ He is a prophet” - “This man is a sinner” - “If this man were not from God, he could do nothing” Jesus heard that they had cast him out, and having found him he said, “Do you believe in the Son of Man?” He answered, “And who is he, sir, that I may believe in him?” Jesus said to him, “You have seen him, and it is he who is speaking to you.” He said, “Lord, I believe,” and he worshiped him. Jesus said, “For judgment I came into this world, that those who do not see may see, and those who see may become blind.” Some of the Pharisees near him heard these things, and said to him, “Are we also blind?” Jesus said to them, “If you were blind, you would have no guilt; but now that you say, ‘We see,’ your guilt remains.” (John 9:35-31)

7. Jesus as Historical Fact Only two… …not only “Who are you?” …but… “What are you?”

8. Only two… …not only “Who are you?” …but… “What are you?”

9. Jesus as Historical Fact People who impacted the human race

10. People who claimed to be God

11. People who impacted the human race People who claimed to be God

12. The magnitude of the claim requires the absolute certainty about that claim!

13. “If Jesus is NOT God, you better know beyond the shadow of the doubt about that fact”

14. Historical Evidence on Jesus Early Greco-Roman sources –Cornelius Tacitus (55-120), “Annals” Historian, formerly secretary to emperor –Pliny the Younger (61-113), “Letters” Governor of Bithynia, writing to emperor Trajan –Mara bar Serapion (73-160), “Letter to Son” Syrian Stoic philosopher Early Jewish sources –Josephus, “Antiquities of the Jews” Participant on both sides of the Jewish War (66-73) Agapius, “Universal History” (Condensation of Josephus in Arabic, 10 th century) –Babylonian Talmud, “Sanhedrin” References to “Ben Pantera” (A tradition from the period 70-200) Early Christian sources –New Testament writings –Other early Christians writings

15. Historical data on Jesus of Nazareth 1.There was a man claimed to be God 2.The people around Him claimed to see Him do what seems to be miracle 3.He convinced the people around Him to believe that he is God. a.Note that these people are monotheistic Jews (not pantheistic like Eastern, or polytheistic like Western Greco- Romans) b.They are the people who were living, eating, sleeping with Him. (People who live with you would be the last one who believe your divinity!) 4.After he died, scores and hundreds people attested that they saw Him resurrected (cf. 1Cor.15) 5.The experience changed them so much, they transformed and went everywhere to spread the faith and even died for it!

16. How do you account for the fact? 1.He is a Legend (we can’t know for sure, his followers weaved tales about him)

17. How do you account for the fact? 1.He is a Legend (we can’t know for sure, his followers weaved tales about him) The Bible was not written as legend (nor realistic- prose-fiction)

18. How do you account for the fact? 1.He is a Legend (we can’t know for sure, his followers weaved tales about him) The Bible was not written as legend (nor realistic- prose-fiction) There’s not enough time lapse to fabricate a legend because all the eyewitnesses were still alive.

19. How do you account for the fact? 1.He is a Legend (we can’t know for sure, his followers weaved tales about him) The Bible was not written as legend (nor realistic- prose-fiction) There’s not enough time lapse to fabricate a legend because all the eyewitnesses were still alive. Would people die for a hoax?

20. Kenneth Scott Latourette Yale Historian “Why among other cults and philosophies competing in the Greco-Roman world that Christianity succeeded and outstripped all others? Why did it succeed despite getting more severe opposition than any others? Why did succeed though it has no influential backers in high places but consisted of mainly the poor and slave? How did it succeed so completely that it forced the most powerful state in history to come to term with it and then outlive the very empire that sought to up root it? It is clear that at the very beginning of Christianity there must have occurred a vast release of energy – perhaps unequaled in history – without it the future course of Christianity is inexplicable: It simply true!”

21. How do you account for the fact? 1.He is a Legend (we can’t know for sure, his followers weaved tales about him) 2.He is a Leader (Teacher, Good Man, Prophet, etc.)

22. How do you account for the fact? 1.He is a Legend (we can’t know for sure, his followers weaved tales about him) 2.He is a Leader (Teacher, Good Man, Prophet, etc.) Have you read His teaching? -“I and God are one, you see me you seen Him” -“No one come to God but by me!” -“He who loves me hates his father and mother” -“Lose your life for my sake” -“All authority have been given to me”

23. How do you account for the fact? 1.He is a Legend (we can’t know for sure, his followers weaved tales about him) 2.He is a Leader (Teacher, Good Man, Prophet, etc.) 3.He is a Liar 4.He is a Lunatic, (or worse)

24. How do you account for the fact? 1.He is a Legend (we can’t know for sure, his followers weaved tales about him) 2.He is a Leader (Teacher, Good Man, Prophet, etc.) 3.He is a Liar 4.He is a Lunatic, (or worse) Have you read His teaching?

25. How do you account for the fact? 1.He is a Legend (we can’t know for sure, his followers weaved tales about him) 2.He is a Leader (Teacher, Good Man, Prophet, etc.) 3.He is a Liar 4.He is a Lunatic, (or worse) Have you read His teaching?

26. How do you account for the fact? 1.He is a Legend (we can’t know for sure, his followers weaved tales about him) 2.He is a Leader (Teacher, Good Man, Prophet, etc.) 3.He is a Liar 4.He is a Lunatic, (or worse) 5.He is who He says He is: the Lord God

27. Is your Jesus real? Or was he a figment of your imagination?

28. Who is this Jesus? And what is His “Gospel” message?

29. What is His message? Jesus came into Galilee, proclaiming the gospel of God, and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.” (Mark 1:14-15)

30. What is His message? (A sample from Luke 15) 1 Now the tax collectors and “sinners” were all gathering around to hear him. 2 But the Pharisees and the teachers of the law muttered, “This man welcomes sinners and eats with them.” 3 Then Jesus told them this parable… 11 “There was a man who had two sons. 12 The younger one said to his father, ‘Father, give me my share of the estate.’ So he divided his property between them. 13 “Not long after that, the younger son got together all he had, set off for a distant country and there squandered his wealth in wild living… 28 “The older brother became angry and refused to go in. So his father went out and pleaded with him…

31. What is His message? (A sample from Luke 15) Jesus redefined God Jesus redefined Sin Jesus redefined Salvation

32. Jesus redefined God

33. Jesus redefined Sin

34. –Lost in the badness

35. Jesus redefined Sin –Lost in the badness –Lost in the goodness 28 “The older brother became angry and refused to go in. So his father went out and pleaded with him. 29 But he answered his father, ‘Look! All these years I’ve been slaving for you and never disobeyed your orders. Yet you never gave me even a young goat so I could celebrate with my friends. 30 But when this son of yours who has squandered your property with prostitutes comes home, you kill the fattened calf for him!’ 31 “ ‘My son,’ the father said, ‘you are always with me, and everything I have is yours. 32 But we had to celebrate and be glad, because this brother of yours was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found.’ ”

36. Jesus redefined Salvation –We need the initiation love of the Father –We need to repent in where we are –We need to see the cost that God took to bring us home. Trust in Jesus.

37. …the Son of Man must be lifted up, that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life. For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him. Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already because he has not believed in the name of God’s one and only Son. – (John 3:14-18)

38. Appendix (This is from Dr. Newman)

39. Search for the Historical Jesus Robert C. Newman Biblical Theological Seminary

40. Some Recent Examples The Last Temptation of Christ Jesus Christ Superstar The Passover Plot The Sacred Mushroom & the Cross Jesus the Magician The DaVinci Code

41. The Last Temptation of Christ Novel (1955) - Nikos Kazantzakas Film (1988) - Martin Scorsese Plot: Makes crosses for Romans Gathers followers as prophet Love or hate Romans? Gets Judas to betray him Fantasies on cross re/ sex & marriage Rejects temptation, dies

42. Jesus Christ Superstar Rock opera (1971) & film (73) by Andrew Lloyd-Weber & Tim Rice Plot: Jesus a superstar religious guru, his fame goes to his head Begins believing what others say about him, leading to cross Blames God, but dies anyway Judas speaks from grave, also blaming God No resurrection

43. The Passover Plot Book (1966) – Schonfield Here Jesus has (almost) everything under control: Learns to interpret prophecy Decides he is Messiah Sets out to fulfill prophecy Stages triumphal entry Blows Judas’ mind Times events so only on cross briefly But speared by soldier Revived in tomb, sends message, dies

44. Sacred Mushroom & the Cross Book (1970) by John M. Allegro A super plot theory! Jesus never existed. Neither did Christianity! Or Judaism! All are code-words or covers for a super-secret sex-drug cult. When all in on secret die, movements continue as Christianity & Judaism.

45. Jesus the Magician Book (1978) by Morton Smith Jesus a gnostic magician Possessed by a spirit Claimed to be deity Develops self-hypnosis Claimed to fly & teach flying Visited heaven, saw God Freed by God from Law

46. The DaVinci Code A murder mystery (2003), set in the present Yet the plot turns on the idea that Jesus was merely human, that he had children, and that the Holy Grail is Jesus’ royal blood-line.

47. Why all this variety? Are the Gospels really this unclear? No. But if you haven’t read them, you’re a sucker for every charlatan that comes along. But why all this variety?

48. Why all this variety? Many don’t like the biblical Jesus. He interferes with their preferred lifestyle. Many won’t admit the occurrence of miracles. Hume – would you believe a miracle report? Harnack – ancient people ignorant of nature Bultmann – universe a closed system So they reconstruct Jesus from hypothetical sources.

49. Historical Evidence on Jesus Early pagan sources Early Jewish sources Early Christian sources

50. Early Pagan Sources Cornelius Tacitus (55-120), Annals Historian, formerly secretary to emperor Pliny the Younger (61-113), Letters Governor of Bithynia, writing to emperor Trajan Mara bar Serapion (73-160), Letter to Son Syrian Stoic philosopher

51. Tacitus, Annals 15.44 But neither human help, nor imperial munificence, nor all the modes of placating Heaven, could stifle scandal or dispel the belief that the fire had taken place by order. Therefore to scotch the rumor, Nero substituted as culprits, and punished with the utmost refinements of cruelty, a class of men loathed for their vices, whom the crowd styled Christians. Christus, the founder of the name, had undergone the death penalty in the reign of Tiberius, by sentence of the procurator Pontius Pilatus, and the pernicious superstition was checked for a moment, only to break our once more…

52. Pliny the Younger, Letters 10.96 Pliny to the Emperor Trajan: It is my custom to refer all my difficulties to you, Sir, for no one is better able to resolve my doubts and inform my ignorance. I have never been present at an examination of Christians… For the moment this is the line I have taken with all persons brought before me on the charge of being Christians. I have asked them in person if they are Christians, and if they admit it, I repeat the question a second and third time, with a warning of the punishment awaiting them. If they persist, I order them to be led away for execution…

53. Pliny the Younger, Letters 10.96 An anonymous pamphlet has been circulated which contains the names of a number of accused persons. Among these I considered that I should dismiss any who denied that they were or ever had been Christians, when they had repeated after me a formula of invocation to the gods and had made offerings of wine and incense to your statue, none of which things, I understand, any genuine Christian can be induced to do. Others, whose names were given me by an informer, first admitted the charge and then denied it; they said they had ceased to be Christians two or more years previously…

54. Pliny the Younger, Letters 10.96 They also declared that the sum total of their guilt or error amounted to no more than this: they had met regularly before dawn on a fixed day to chant verses alternately among themselves in honor of Christ as if to a god… This made me decide it was all the more necessary to extract the truth by torture from two slave-women, whom they call deaconesses. I found nothing but a degenerate sort of cult carried to extravagant lengths. I have therefore postponed any further examination and hastened to consult you.

55. Mara bar Serapion, Letter For what else have we to say, when wise men are forcibly dragged by the hands of tyrants, and their wisdom is taken captive by calumny, and they are oppressed in their intelligence without defense? For what advantage did the Athenians gain by their murder of Socrates…. Or the people of Samos by the burning of Pythagoras… Or the Jews by the death of their wise king, because from that time their kingdom was taken away?

56. Mara bar Serapion, Letter For with justice did God make recompense to the wisdom of these three: for the Athenians died of famine; and the Samians were overwhelmed by the sea without remedy; and the Jews, desolate and driven from their own kingdom, are scattered through every country. Socrates is not dead, because of Plato; neither Pythagoras, because of the statue of Juno; nor the wise King, because of the laws which he promulgated.

57. Summary on Pagan Sources Jesus lived in Judea in the reign of Tiberius. A Messianic claim was ascribed to him. He apparently was a teacher. He was put to death by Pontius Pilate and/or the Jews. His followers continued after his death. They worshiped Jesus as God, though they would not worship the gods. They were willing to endure torture and death rather than curse Jesus.

58. Early Jewish Sources Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews Participant on both sides of the Jewish War (66-73) Agapius, Universal History Condensation of Josephus in Arabic, 10 th century Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin References to “Ben Pantera” A tradition from the period 70-200

59. Josephus, Antiquities 18.63-64 About this time there lived Jesus, a wise man, if indeed one ought to call him a man. For he was one who wrought surprising feats and was a teacher of such people as accept the truth gladly. He won over many Jews and many of the Greeks. He was the Messiah. When Pilate, on hearing him accused by men of highest standing among us, had condemned him to be crucified, those who had in the first place come to love him did not give up their affection for him. On the third day he appeared to them restored to life, for the prophets had prophesied these and countless other marvelous things about him.

60. Agapius, Universal History Similarly Josephus the Hebrew…. At this time there was a wise man who was called Jesus. His conduct was good and he was known to be virtuous. And many people from among the Jews and the other nations became his disciples. Pilate condemned him to be crucified and to die. But those who had become his disciples did not abandon his discipleship. They reported that he had appeared to them three days after his crucifixion, and that he was alive; accordingly he was perhaps the Messiah, concerning whom the prophets have recounted wonders.

61. Babylonian Talmud and Celsus The Babylonian Talmud and other early Jewish literature occasionally refer to an opponent named “Ben Pantera.” The pagan author Celsus (c150), in his anti-Christian work The True Account, says that Jewish sources claim Jesus is the illegitimate son of a Roman soldier Pantera and the Jewish girl Mary.

62. Talmud, Sanhedrin 43a On the eve of Passover Yeshua was hanged. For forty days before the execution a herald went forth and cried, “He is going to be stoned because he has practiced sorcery and enticed Israel to apostasy. Anyone who can say anything in his favor, let him come forward and plead on his behalf.” But since nothing was brought forward in his favor he was hanged on the eve of Passover.

63. Summary on Jewish Sources Jesus lived in Judea during the rule of Pontius Pilate. His birth was alleged to be unusual, illegitimate. His character was controversial. He worked miracles, also controversial. He gathered followers, who considered him the Messiah. He was condemned by Pilate, accused by Jews. He was hanged/crucified on Passover eve. His resurrection was reported on the third day.

64. Early Christian Sources The Gospels Matthew Mark Luke John The Letters of Paul An early opponent of Xy Became a Xn when Jesus appeared to him

65. Paul, Letters Jesus is God. He is also human, a descendant of David. He had brothers, including James. Jesus taught, and appointed apostles. He instituted the Lord’s Supper. He was killed by rulers. He rose from the dead on the third day. He has ascended to heaven.

66. Conclusions The earliest sources, though they disagree in their estimation of Jesus, agree on several items which moderns often wish to reject: Jesus made a Messianic claim. Jesus worked miracles. Jesus was put to death by Roman-Jewish collaboration. One can reject miracles only by discarding the very evidence from antiquity that points most strongly in this direction.

67. Conclusions If miracles are not rejected in advance, the Gospels look good by the methods used by Secular historians Liberal New Testament scholars Satan’s strategy? Keep people off balance by bringing out a new Jesus every few years. Keep their attention away from the historical records.

68. C.S. Lewis’ Trilemma I am trying to prevent anyone saying the really foolish thing that people often say about [Jesus]: “I’m ready to accept Jesus as a great moral teacher, but I don’t accept his claim to be God.” This is the one thing we must not say. A man who was merely a man and said the sort of things Jesus said would not be a great moral teacher. He would either be a lunatic – on a level with the man who says he is a poached egg – or else he would be the Devil of Hell. You must make your choice. Either this man was, and is, the Son of God, or else a madman or something worse.

69. What will you do with Jesus? Is he: Liar? Lunatic? Lord of all? There is no place for postmodernism here: He either is, or isn’t, what he claimed to be. If he is, you must face him one day.

70. What will you do with Jesus? The choice is yours.