1. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 1 Cluster Low Emission Combustor Technology MEASUREMENTS TECHNIQUES IN THE LECT Cluster’s PROGRAMMES Olivier Penanhoat olivier.penanhoat@snecma.fr ___AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT___ TU Vienne - 19&20th Sept.

2. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 2 Cluster Low Emission Combustor Technology OBJECTIVE : DEVELOP LOW EMISSION COMBUSTOR TECHNOLOGY * mainly reduce Nox (environment : Local impact (air quality) and global impact (greenhouse effect)) * reduce also consumption and CO2 emissions ( => trade-offs) * insure always simultaneously safety, operability, afordability HOW : * with technological programmes (developping and testing components or demonstrators) * with more fundamental research programmes (CFD tools and Physical comprehension) * relevant themes : LPP & RQL technology, Instabilities, 2 phase flows … PARTNERS : European engine manufacturers, Laboratories and universities : See attached

3. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 3 Cluster Low Emission Combustor Technology

4. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 4 Cluster Low Emission Combustor Technology - Measurement techniques INTRUSIVE: Nox levels are still measured by sampling NON INTRUSIVE: Many non intrusive methods have been carried out in the cluster ’s programmes LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) CARS (Coherent Anti Stokes Raman Scattering) LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry) LDV (Laser Doppler Velocimetry) PIV (Particle Imaging Velocimetry) DFWM (Degenerate Four Wave Mixing) Mie Scattering Rayleigh Scattering LSD (Laser Sheet Drop sizing) IR spectroscopie Chemiluminescence (CH* & OH* emissions)

5. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 5 Cluster Low Emission Combustor Technology - Measurement techniques NON INTRUSIVE TECHNIQUES : In which programmes ? Technological programmes but also more fundamental research ones (CFD & physics) For which needs ? =>Technological evaluation =>Better physical understanding : Instabilities, flashback, autoignition, 2 phase flows, radiation, chemistry (Nox, soots, CO,…), turbulence &swirling flows… =>CFD validation by who ? The illustrative examples of this presentation have been selected to give an idea of the variety of measurements carried out in the cluster ’s programmes and have been provided by various partners. Nevertheless it doesn ’t show the rich contribution of all laboratories and universities involved. It must be considered as a sample.

6. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 6 Cluster Low Emission Combustor Technology General architecture for LPP injection system LPP major issues :  air-fuel mixing homogeneity (NOx, CO)  lean blow-out  auto-ignition / flashback control  combustion instabilities Air Fuel Swirlers Premixing tube

7. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 7 IST - LDV and Rayleigh Scattering on premixed flame / LES/PDF-ECT * Hypothesis of axisymetry * « Validation of PDF method »

8. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 8 EM2C - Optical measurements on LPP combustor / ACIACOC « Instabilities and control of a liquid fuel combustor at atmospheric pressure» CH* emission (chemiluminescence) through the instability cycle

9. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 9 EM2C - Optical measurements on LPP combustor / ACIACOC 2D-imaging :CH* emission (chemiluminescence) through the instability cycle (=>proportional to reaction rate) « Instabilities and control of a liquid fuel combustor at atmospheric pressure» See also : DLR, EBI, Cambridge See also : ICLEAC

10. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 10 ENSMA - Optical measurements / LES-4-LPP « ORACLES rig » ALSO used in MOLECULES Q 1,  1, T 1, Re 1 Q 2,  2, T 2, Re 2 Q 1, Q 2  200 g/s  1,  2  1,2 -10  T 1, T 2  20 K Re 1, Re 2  80 000 Main characteristics : Variable mixture composition (C 3 H 8 -air) simultaneous presence of large scale coherent structures and stochastic turbulence