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The Centre for AIDS Research The Geography of HIV/AIDS: Looking beyond the maps Mike Clark and Emma Treby University of Bournemouth University of Southampton.

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Presentation on theme: "The Centre for AIDS Research The Geography of HIV/AIDS: Looking beyond the maps Mike Clark and Emma Treby University of Bournemouth University of Southampton."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Centre for AIDS Research The Geography of HIV/AIDS: Looking beyond the maps Mike Clark and Emma Treby University of Bournemouth University of Southampton

2 Information, suffocation or application?

3 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Looking beyond the maps Geography as a driver of understanding versus Geography as a tool for intervention (behavioural or non-behavioural) Geography as distributions of attributes (choropleth maps!) versus geography as synthesis and spatiality The geography behind the maps: Information, action, behaviour Information and communication (governance) Information and management

4 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Looking beyond the maps A typology of HIV/AIDS mapping Geography and governance: a role for GIS? Issues of caution Participation, adaptivity and AIDS response

5 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps A typology of HIV/AIDS mapping HIV, AIDS and response A working typology of mapping Policy-influencing (informing and attitudinal) Strategic (targets and monitoring) Operational (support and supervision) Community participation

6 1. Policy-influencing & attitudinal

7

8 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Simplistic policy-influence concepts “If you do that, this is what will happen to you” “OK, in that case I won’t”

9 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Adding realism to map influence (after The Theory of Reasoned Action: Ajzen & Fishbein, 1975)

10 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps 2. Strategic (targets & monitoring)

11 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps 3. Operational (support & supervision) Mapping – The Valley Trust

12 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps 4. Community participation P Johnstone & J Ranken (1994)

13 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps A typology of HIV/AIDS mapping A working typology of mapping Policy-influencing (informing and attitudinal) Strategic (targets and monitoring) Operational (support and supervision) Community participation Focus on synthesis, aggregation & association Focus on location and sampling ACCURACY PRECISION HOW DOES GIS RELATE TO ORGANISATIONS?

14 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Warning: essential but not sufficient

15 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Warning: essential but not sufficient A role for GIS? Geography and Governance

16 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps A model of regional governance

17 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps A model of regional governance A role for GIS?

18 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps A role for information

19 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps A model of national governance National-level organisation District-level organisation Provincial-level organisation Local-level organisation Flow of management targets Flow of operational information

20 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps A model of national governance National-level organisation District-level organisation Provincial-level organisation Local-level organisation Flow of management syntheses / maps / models Flow of operational information ?

21 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps A model multi-level organisation Policy level Supervision level Management strategy level Operational level Flow of management maps / models Flow of operational information GIS Policy informing Operational feedback

22 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps A model multi-level organisation Synthesis, aggregation & association Location and sampling Policy level Supervision level Management strategy level Operational level

23 Spatial organisation in practice Provincial-level organisation Local-level organisation District-level organisation

24 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Applying the model: CHW

25 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps CHW information structure

26 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps A spatial structure for CHWs

27 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps KwaZulu Natal example Mapping – The Valley Trust

28 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps The multi-facilitator model

29 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps The multi-clinic model Applicable to mobile clinics or health posts

30 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Geography and governance ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE SPATIAL STRUCTURE Spatial and organisational structure are inherently and operationally linked Information drives the organisation through these structures

31 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Mapping, culture & élitism

32 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Technology is Power Power Corrupts Technology Corrupts Can we be sure, any more? Information Ethics?

33 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Maps of models of partial representations of subjective indicators of “our” world Can we be sure, any more?

34 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Elitism Exclusion Efficiency Engagement Empowering Equity The intellectual/moral contradiction

35 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Elitism Exclusion Engagement Empowering Equity The intellectual/moral challenge

36 Maps, participation & adaptivity

37 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps What kind of GIS (e.g. for CHW)? Theorist/Consultant Manager/User Politician/Policy Demographic models? CHW location for ART delivery

38 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps BASELINE Status & prediction TARGETS Where do we want to get MEASURES Needed to achieve target MODELS/PROCEDURES Prediction/scenario/review INDICATORS For monitoring target and performance of measures RISK ASSESSMENT Why might target be missed = Goal setting = Objective setting Adaptive management = GIS

39 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps BASELINE GOALS RISK ASSESSMENT MONITOR INDICATORS MODELS/PROCEDURES OBJECTIVES DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION TOOLS ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

40 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps DECISION TREE ANALYSIS RULE-BASED / MULTICRITERIA STATISTICAL / GEOSTATISTICAL MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FUZZY MODELLING BAYESIAN MODELLING VISUALISATION SCENARIOS Options Appraisal NETWORKING ENABLEMENT SOLUT WEB ENABLEMENT SOLUTIONS IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES BASELINE GOALS RISK ASSESSMENT MONITOR INDICATORS MODELS/PROCEDURES OBJECTIVES Policy GIS Strategic GIS Operational GIS

41 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps DECISION TREE ANALYSIS RULE-BASED / MULTICRITERIA STATISTICAL / GEOSTATISTICAL MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FUZZY MODELLING BAYESIAN MODELLING VISUALISATION SCENARIOS Options Appraisal NETWORKING ENABLEMENT SOLUT WEB ENABLEMENT SOLUTIONS IONSIMPLEMENTATION OROCEDURES BASELINE GOALS RISK ASSESSMENT MONITOR INDICATORS MODELS/PROCEDURES OBJECTIVES Strategic GIS Policy GIS Operational GIS

42 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps VISUALISATION SCENARIOS Options Appraisal Strategic GIS Policy GIS Operational GIS

43 The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps Strategic GIS Policy GIS Operational GIS

44 The Centre for AIDS Research The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

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