1. The Man of Law, from the Ellesmere MS

2. A page of William Caxton’s edition of The Canterbury Tales, printed c. 1478. (Harry Ransom Center: Gutenberg Bible Primary Source Education Module http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/educatio n/modules) The Man of Law’s Prologue begins

3. British Library MS Harley 1239 (c. 1450-70) Troilus & Criseyde Knight‘s Tale Man of Law's Tale Clerk's Tale Wife of Bath‘s Tale Franklin's Tale Cambridge University Library MS Ee.ii.15 John Lydgate’s Life of SS. Edmund and Fremond Man of Law’s Tale Gower, “The Tale of the Three questions” (CA) The Charter of Christ Sermons from Mirk’s Festial Life of St. Augustine of Canterbury

4. Men myghten asken why she was nat slayn Eek at the feeste? who myghte hir body save? And I answere to that demande agayn, Who saved Danyel in the horrible cave Ther every wight save he, maister and knave, Was with the leon frete er he asterte? No wight but God, that he bar in his herte. ** ** ** ** ** Now sith she was nat at the feeste yslawe, Who kepte hire fro the drenchyng in the see? Who kepte Jonas in the fisshes mawe Til he was spouted up at Nynyvee? Wel may men knowe it was no wight but he That kepte peple Ebrayk from hir drenchynge, With drye feet thurghout the see passynge. ** ** ** ** ** Where myghte this womman mete and drynke have Thre yeer and moore? how lasteth hire vitaille? Who fedde the Egipcien Marie in the cave, Or in desert? no wight but Crist, sanz faille. Fyve thousand folk it was as greet mervaille With loves fyve and fisshes two to feede. God sente his foyson at hir grete neede. (470-76, 484-90, 498-504)

5. Allas! what wonder is it thogh she wepte, That shal be sent to strange nacioun Fro freendes that so tendrely hire kepte, And to be bounden under subjeccioun Of oon, she knoweth nat his condicioun? Housbondes been alle goode, and han ben yoore; That knowen wyves; I dar sey yow na moore. “Fader,” she seyde, “thy wrecched child Custance, Thy yonge doghter fostred up so softe, And ye, my mooder, my soverayn plesance Over alle thyng, out-taken Crist on-lofte, Custance youre child hire recomandeth ofte Unto youre grace, for I shal to Surrye, Ne shal I nevere seen yow moore with ye. “Allas! unto the Barbre nacioun I moste anoon, syn that it is youre wille; But Crist, that starf for our redempcioun So yeve me grace his heestes to fulfille! I, wrecche womman, no fors though I spille! Wommen are born to thraldom and penance, And to been under mannes governance.” (267-87)

6. Me list nat of the chaf, ne of the stree, Maken so long a tale as of the corn. What sholde I tellen of the roialtee At mariage, or which cours goth biforn; Who bloweth in a trumpe or in an horn? The fruyt of every tale is for to seye: They ete, and drynke, and daunce, and synge, and pleye. They goon to bedde, as it was skile and right; For thogh that wyves be ful hooly thynges, They moste take in pacience at nyght Swiche manere necessaries as been plesynges To folk that han ywedded hem with rynges, And leye a lite hir hoolynesse aside, As for the tyme, -- it may no bet bitide. (701-14)

7. This kyng Alla, whan he his tyme say, With his Custance, his hooly wyf so sweete, To Engelond been they come the righte way, Wher as they lyve in joye and in quiete. But litel while it lasteth, I yow heete, Joye of this world, for tyme wol nat abyde; Fro day to nyght it changeth as the tyde. Who lyved euere in swich delit o day That hym ne moeved outher conscience, Or ire, or talent, or som kynnes affray, Envye, or pride, or passion, or offence? I ne seye but for this ende this sentence, That litel while in joye or in plesance Lasteth the blisse of Alla with Custance. For deeth, that taketh of heigh and logh his rente, Whan passed was a yeer, evene as I gesse, Out of this world this kyng Alla he hente, For whom Custance hath ful greet hevynesse. Now lat us prayen God his soule blesse! And dame Custance, finally to seye, Toward the toun of Rome goth hir weye.

8. To Rome is come this hooly creature, And fyndeth hire freendes hoole and sounde; Now is she scaped al hire aventure. And whan that she hir fader hath yfounde, Doun on hir knees falleth she to grounde; Wepynge for tendrenesse in herte blithe, She heryeth God an hundred thousand sithe. In vertu and in hooly almus-dede They lyven alle, and nevere asonder wende; Til deeth departeth hem, this lyf they lede. And fareth now weel! my tale is at an ende. Now Jhesu Crist, that of his myght may sende Joye after wo, governe us in his grace, And kepe us alle that been in this place! Amen (1128-62)

9. O Sowdanesse, roote of iniquitee! Virago, thou semyrame the secounde! O serpent under femynynytee, Lik to the serpent depe in helle ybounde! O feyned womman, al that may confounde Vertu and innocence, thurgh thy malice, Is bred in thee, as nest of every vice! O Sathan, envious syn thilke day That thou were chaced from oure heritage, Wel knowestow to wommen the olde way! Thou madest Eva brynge us in servage; Thou wolt fordoon this Cristen mariage. Thyn instrument so, weylawey the while! Makestow of wommen, whan thou wolt bigile. (358-71)

10. O Donegild, I ne have noon Englissh digne Unto thy malice and thy tirannye! And therfore to the feend I thee resigne; Lat hym enditen of thy traitorie! Fy, mannysh, fy! -- o nay, by God, I lye -- Fy, feendlych spirit, for I dar wel telle, Thogh thou heere walke, thy spirit is in helle! (778-84)

11. "Mooder," quod she, "and mayde bright, Marie, Sooth is that thurgh wommanes eggement Mankynde was lorn, and damned ay to dye, For which thy child was on a croys yrent. Thy blisful eyen sawe al his torment; Thanne is ther no comparison bitwene Thy wo and any wo man may sustene. "Thow sawe thy child yslayn bifore thyne yen, And yet now lyveth my litel child, parfay! Now, lady bright, to whom alle woful cryen, Thow glorie of wommanhede, thow faire may, Thow haven of refut, brighte sterre of day, Rewe on my child, that of thy gentillesse Rewest on every reweful in distresse.” (841-54)