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2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2 Technology in Action Chapter 5 Using System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3 Chapter Topics System software Categories of operating systems OS role in: – –Providing user interaction – –Managing the processor – –Managing memory – –Managing hardware – –Interacting with application software – –Starting the computer

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4 Chapter Topics (cont.) Desktop and Windows features OS role in keeping the desktop organized Utility programs

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5 System Software: The OS Controls computer functions (hardware, processor, memory, peripheral devices) Provides means for software to work with CPU Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasks Provides user interface

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6 System Software: Utilities Utilities: Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks – –Backup – –Security – –Diagnostic – –Recovery

7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7 Operating System Categories Traditionally included four categories: – –Single-user, single-task Example: MS-DOS – –Single-user, multitask Example: Apple’s Mac OS – –Multiuser Example: Microsoft Windows – –Real-time (RTOS) Example: found in measurement instruments

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8 Real-Time Operating Systems Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result Uses include: – –Automobiles – –Printers – –VoIP phones – –Medical devices – –Robotic equipment

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9 Multiuser Operating Systems Known as network operating systems Allow access to the computer system by more than one user Manage user requests Systems include: – –Linux – –UNIX – –Windows Vista and Windows 7 – –Mac OS X – –i5/OS – –z/OS

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10 UNIX Multiuser, multitask operating system Used primarily with mainframes Also found on PCs Vendors can modify the code: – –Hewlett-Packard’s HP/UX – –Sun’s Solaris – –IBM’s AIX

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11 Mainframes and Supercomputers Other computers utilizing multiuser operating systems: – –Mainframes Handle requests from hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously – –Supercomputers Used by scientists and engineers

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12 Single-User Operating Systems Single-Task Systems Perform one task at a time PDAs – –Palm OS – –Windows Mobile Cell phone – –Proprietary OS Multitask Systems Perform simultaneous tasks Smartphones –Symbian OS –iPhone OS –Google Android –Palm webOS

13. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13 Desktop and Notebook Operating Systems An operating system combined with a processor is known as a platform – –Microsoft Windows OS/Intel and AMD processors – –Apple Macintosh OS/Motorola, IBM, and Intel processors OS not interchangeable between platforms Application software is platform specific

14. Microsoft Windows Multiuser, multitasking OS Windows 7 is the newest version Features – –Increased functionality – –User-friendliness – –Improved Internet capabilities – –Enhanced privacy and security Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14

15. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15 Mac OS First commercially available OS with point- and-click technology (GUI) Excellent in: – –Graphics display – –Processing – –System reliability – –File backup Fewer applications available than for Windows More expensive

16. Mac vs. Windows Similar functionality Streamlined user interface Window-like work areas on the desktop Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16 MacWindows

17. Linux Open source operating system Based on UNIX Stable system May be downloaded for free from the Internet Runs on PCs, netbooks, iPods, and gaming systems Allows you to choose desktop appearance Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18 What the OS Does Provides a user interface Manages the CPU Manages memory and storage Manages hardware and peripheral devices Coordinates application software with the CPU

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19 The User Interface Enables you to interact with the computer Types of interfaces – –Command-driven interface – –Menu-driven interface – –Graphical user interface (GUI) Command-driven

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20 Processor Management Controls the timing of events the processor works on – –Multitasking – –Interrupts – –Interrupt handler – –Interrupt table – –Stack

21. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21 OS Architecture More than 4 GB of RAM – –64-bit system Windows Vista Windows 7 Make sure applications and devices are compatible

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22 Virtual Memory Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full – –Swap file – –Paging – –Thrashing

23. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23 Hardware and Peripheral Device Management Device drivers – –Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices – –Provided by the manufacturer of the device Plug and Play – –Hardware and software standard – –Facilitates the installation of new hardware

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24 Software Application Coordination Application programming interfaces (APIs) – –Blocks of code contained in the operating system – –Coordinate the operating system with software applications – –Similar toolbars and menus – –Microsoft DirectX

25. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25 Starting the Computer The boot process 1. 1.BIOS is activated. 2. 2.A POST checks attached hardware. 3. 3.The OS loads into RAM. 4. 4.Configuration and customization settings are checked.

26. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26 Handling Errors in the Boot Process Safe mode – –Windows does not boot properly – –Try rebooting – –Uninstall any new devices or software

27. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27 The Desktop

28. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28 Windows

29. Viewing Windows Side-by-side Stacked Cascading Flip 3D Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29

30. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30 File Management The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents. Hierarchical structure of directories: – –Drives Folders   Subfolders » »Files Windows 7: libraries

31. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31 File Management

32. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Many views available – –Large Icon view – –Extra Large Icon view – –Tiles view – –List view – –Small and Medium Icon views

33. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33 File Name Extensions ExtensionType of DocumentApplication.docWord processing documentMicrosoft Word 2003.docxWord processing documentMicrosoft Word 2007.wpdWord processing documentCorel WordPerfect.xlsxSpreadsheetMicrosoft Excel 2007.accdbDatabaseMicrosoft Access 2007.pptxPowerPoint presentationMicrosoft PowerPoint 2007.pdfPortable Document Format Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader.rtfText (Rich Text Format) Any program that can read text documents.txtText Any program that can read text documents

34. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34 File Name Extensions ExtensionType of DocumentApplication.htm or.html Hyper Text Markup Language for a Web page Any program that can read HTML.jpg Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image Most programs capable of displaying images.gif Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) image Most programs capable of displaying images.bmpBitmap imageWindows.zipCompressed fileWinZip

35. Naming Files File name: Name assigned plus file name extension Up to 255 characters Characters not legal in Windows file names: “ / \ * ? | : Character not legal in Mac file names: : Mac file names are case sensitive Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35

36. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36 File Path File path: Location of the file

37. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37 Working with Files File management actions – –Open – –Copy – –Move – –Rename – –Delete Recycle Bin (Windows) Trash (Mac)

38. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38 Utility Programs Small programs that perform special functions – –Manage system resources – –Create a pleasant environment – –Improve efficiency

39. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39 Display Utilities Change the appearance of: – –Desktop – –Background – –Screen savers – –Window colors

40. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40 Add or Remove Programs Installation wizard Uninstall wizard – –Programs cannot simply be deleted

41. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41 File Compression Utilities Reduce the size of a file Take out redundancies Make it easier and faster to send files over the Internet, upload, and save Generally, repeated patterns are replaced with a shorter placeholder The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain.

42. System Maintenance Utilities Disk Cleanup: Removes unnecessary files Choose the files to be deleted – –Downloaded program files – –Temporary Internet files – –Offline Web pages – –Recycle Bin Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 42

43. System Maintenance Utilities Disk defragmenter: Regroups related pieces of files Error checker: Checks for lost files and fragments Task Manager: Checks on nonresponsive programs Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 43

44. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 44 System Restore Restores system settings to a specific date

45. System Backup Backup – –Creates a copy of the hard drive to another storage device Task Scheduler – –Runs selected utilities automatically Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 45 Task Scheduler

46. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 46 Accessibility Utilities Ease of Access Center – –Centralized location for assistive technology High contrast Magnifier On-screen keyboard Windows speech recognition

47. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 47 Chapter 5 Summary Questions What software is included in system software?

48. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 48 Chapter 5 Summary Questions What are the different kinds of operating systems?

49. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 49 Chapter 5 Summary Questions What are the most common desktop operating systems?

50. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 50 Chapter 5 Summary Questions How does the operating system provide a means for users to interact with the computer?

51. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 51 Chapter 5 Summary Questions How does the operating system help manage resources such as the processor, memory, storage, hardware, and peripheral devices?

52. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 52 Chapter 5 Summary Questions How does the operating system interact with application software?

53. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 53 Chapter 5 Summary Questions How does the operating system help the computer start up?

54. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 54 Chapter 5 Summary Questions What are the main desktop and windows features?

55. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 55 Chapter 5 Summary Questions How does the operating system help me keep my computer organized?

56. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 56 Chapter 5 Summary Questions What utility programs are included in system software, and what do they do?

57. Chapter 5 57 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 57