1. Paramagnetic compounds have unpaired electrons and are attracted to an external magnetic field.Paramagnetic compounds have unpaired electrons and are attracted to an external magnetic field. Liquid oxygen is paramagnetic. It is attracted to an external magnetic field.Liquid oxygen is paramagnetic. It is attracted to an external magnetic field. CH 103: THE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TRIS- ETHYLENEDIAMINE NICKEL (II) CHLORIDE, [Ni(en) 3 ]Cl 2 PARAMAGNETIC COMPOUNDS

2. In contrast, diamagnetic compounds have no unpaired electrons and are repelled by both poles of an external magnetic field. That is, diamagnetic compounds form an induced magnet field in the opposite direction of an external magnetic field.In contrast, diamagnetic compounds have no unpaired electrons and are repelled by both poles of an external magnetic field. That is, diamagnetic compounds form an induced magnet field in the opposite direction of an external magnetic field. Graphite is diamagnetic. It is repelled by an external magnetic field.Graphite is diamagnetic. It is repelled by an external magnetic field. The first objective of today’s experiment is to determine if [Ni(en) 3 ]Cl 2 is paramagnetic or diamagnetic.The first objective of today’s experiment is to determine if [Ni(en) 3 ]Cl 2 is paramagnetic or diamagnetic. DIAMAGNETIC COMPOUNDS

3. What is the electron configuration of scandium metal, Sc?What is the electron configuration of scandium metal, Sc? Sc(Z=21): 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 1Sc(Z=21): 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 1 What is the electron configuration of scandium ion, Sc 2+ ?What is the electron configuration of scandium ion, Sc 2+ ? Hint: The outmost s electrons of a transition metal are generally removed before the outmost d electrons.Hint: The outmost s electrons of a transition metal are generally removed before the outmost d electrons. Sc 2+ (Z=21): 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 1Sc 2+ (Z=21): 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 1 The d orbital energy level diagram for Sc 2+ follows. Is Sc 2+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic?The d orbital energy level diagram for Sc 2+ follows. Is Sc 2+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic? or more accurately or more accurately Paramagnetic, Sc 2+ has 1 unpaired electron.Paramagnetic, Sc 2+ has 1 unpaired electron. d ORBITAL ENERGY LEVEL DIAGRAMS

4. THE GRAM MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, χ g

5. Use the periodic table in the front of your laboratory manual to calculate the molecular weight o of the sample, [Ni(en) 3 ]Cl 2 or [Ni(NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 3 ]Cl 2.Use the periodic table in the front of your laboratory manual to calculate the molecular weight o of the sample, [Ni(en) 3 ]Cl 2 or [Ni(NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 3 ]Cl 2. THE MOLAR MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, χ M

6. The ethylenediamine ligands (NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) and the chloride ions (Cl - ) are diamagnetic and are repelled by the external magnetic field.The ethylenediamine ligands (NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) and the chloride ions (Cl - ) are diamagnetic and are repelled by the external magnetic field. Therefore, the deflection (D) is artificially small, and the Molar Magnetic Susceptibility (χ M ) is artificially small.Therefore, the deflection (D) is artificially small, and the Molar Magnetic Susceptibility (χ M ) is artificially small. This is corrected by the following equation.This is corrected by the following equation. THE CORRECTED MOLAR MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, χ A

8. THE MAGNETIC MOMENT AND THE NUMBER OF UNPAIRED ELECTRONS Calculate the magnetic moment from the following equation.Calculate the magnetic moment from the following equation. Calculate the number of unpaired electrons (n) from the following equation.Calculate the number of unpaired electrons (n) from the following equation.

9. SAFETY Give at least 1 safety concern about using [Ni(NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 3 ]Cl 2 in today’s experiment.Give at least 1 safety concern about using [Ni(NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 3 ]Cl 2 in today’s experiment. This is an irritant. Wear your goggles at all times. Immediately clean all spills. If you do get either of these in your eye, immediately flush with water.This is an irritant. Wear your goggles at all times. Immediately clean all spills. If you do get either of these in your eye, immediately flush with water. Your laboratory manual has an extensive list of safety procedures. Read and understand this section.Your laboratory manual has an extensive list of safety procedures. Read and understand this section. Ask your instructor if you ever have any questions about safety.Ask your instructor if you ever have any questions about safety.

10. SOURCES “Diamagnetic graphite levitation” by en:User:Splarka - English Wikipedia. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diamagnetic_graphi te_levitation.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Diamagnetic_graphite_le vitation.jpg [accessed 28 August 2014].“Diamagnetic graphite levitation” by en:User:Splarka - English Wikipedia. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diamagnetic_graphi te_levitation.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Diamagnetic_graphite_le vitation.jpg [accessed 28 August 2014]. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diamagnetic_graphi te_levitation.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Diamagnetic_graphite_le vitation.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diamagnetic_graphi te_levitation.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Diamagnetic_graphite_le vitation.jpg McMurry, J., R.C. Fay. 2004. Chemistry, 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.McMurry, J., R.C. Fay. 2004. Chemistry, 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. “Paramagnetism of liquid oxygen” by Pieter Kuiper - Own work. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paramagnetism_of_ liquid_oxygen.jpeg#mediaviewer/File:Paramagnetism_of_liq uid_oxygen.jpeg [accessed 28 August 2014].“Paramagnetism of liquid oxygen” by Pieter Kuiper - Own work. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paramagnetism_of_ liquid_oxygen.jpeg#mediaviewer/File:Paramagnetism_of_liq uid_oxygen.jpeg [accessed 28 August 2014]. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paramagnetism_of_ liquid_oxygen.jpeg#mediaviewer/File:Paramagnetism_of_liq uid_oxygen.jpeg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paramagnetism_of_ liquid_oxygen.jpeg#mediaviewer/File:Paramagnetism_of_liq uid_oxygen.jpeg Petrucci, R.H. 1985. General Chemistry Principles and Modern Applications, 4th ed. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company.Petrucci, R.H. 1985. General Chemistry Principles and Modern Applications, 4th ed. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company.