1. STATE ORGANIZATION AND NATIONAL POWER

2. Large-area Influences on State Power
Colonialism

3. Large-area Influences on State Power
Economic dimensions of power
Economic trends
Understanding a country’s global economy
World-System Analysis
View the world as an interlocked system of states
Perspective ties political geography more closely to economic geography

4. World Systems Theory: core, semi-periphery, periphery
The world economy has a three-tier structure.
A. Core-higher levels of Ed., higher salaries, more technology
B. Periphery: lower levels of Ed., lower salaries, less technology
C. Semi-periphery: places where core and periphery processes are both occurring, places that are exploited by the core but in turn exploit the periphery.
*core takes advantage of cheap labor, less taxes, lax environmental standards in the periphery, semi acts as a buffer between the two.

5. Freidrick Ratzel: Organic Theory
A state, which is a collection of humans, would function and behave as an organism.
Hitler used this theory to expand his territory.

6. The Heartland Theory -Land based power (not sea)
would rule the world. Eurasia=Heart is resource rich, pivotal area from Eastern Europe to Eastern Siberia. This area would be the base for world conquest.
Who rules Eastern Europe commands the Heartland.
Who rules the heartland commands the world island.
Who rules the World Island commands the world.
When this theory was proposed Russia was in disarray. No one foresaw would be a super power

7. Rimland Theory: Nicholas Spykman
Eurasian Rim, not its heart held the key to global power.
1. Who controls Rimland rules Eurasia.
2. Who rules Eurasia controls the destinies of the world.
The rimland is a fragmented zone, won’t be under the power of 1 super power. A divided rimland is key to the balance of power of the world.
Today: Western Europe vs. China

8. The Character of State Territory
Population vs. territory size
E.g., China
Acquisition of colonial empires
½ world’s states < 5 million people
Organizational capacity more important
Core areas
Usually the original nucleus of a state
Play an important role in a state's development
No core area vs. Multicore states
E.g., Nigeria's three cores mark ethnic and cultural diverse areas of the state

10. The Character of State Territory
Capital cities
Political nerve center
Former colonies tried to imitate European model
Primate cities
A capital city by far the largest and most economically influential
Common in agriculturally-dominant economies
Forward capitals
Reunification and capitals

11. Forward capital in Canada

12. Internal Political-Geographic Structure
All states confront divisive forces
The needs of a well-functioning state
Clearly bounded territory with adequate infrastructure
Effective administrative framework, a productive core area, and a prominent capital

13. Unitary & Federal Systems
Early European nation-states were unitary states
The federal state arose in the New World
Federalism accommodated regional interest by vesting primary power in provinces
Switzerland
Location for a capital city challenging for federations
Britain and India
Today’s divisive forces in Europe

14. European reconstruction

15. Resources
De Blij, Harm, J. (2007). Human Geography People, Place and Culture. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Domosh, Mona, Neumann, Roderic, Price, Patricia, & Jordan-Bychkov, The Human Mosaic, A Cultural Approach to Human Geography. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
Fellman, Jerome, D., Getis, Arthur, & Getis, Judith, Human Geography, Landscapes of Human Activities. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Pulsipher, Lydia Mihelic and Alex M. and Pulsipher, World Regional Geography, Global Patterns, Local Lives. W.H. Freeman and Company New York  
Rubenstein, James M. (2008). An introduction to human geography The cultural landscape. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Benewick, Robert, & Donald, Stephanie H. (2005). The State of
China Atlas. Berkeley: University of California Press.