1. BY S. U. YAMUSA II AND A. H. ANSARI
LAW AND POLICY ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN NIGERIA: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL BY
S. U. YAMUSA II AND A. H. ANSARI

2. INTRODUCTION
Nigeria is a member of OPEC with about billion bbls reserve of crude oil and billion M2 (159 Trillion scf) reserve of natural gas
The country had commercial discovery of oil in 1956 and first exportation in 1958(about 5,100 bpd)
The First petroleum law was enacted in 1914 know as Oil Mineral Ordinance of 1914
Gas flaring started since in 1950s, therefore, over 50 years of air pollution recorded in the Niger Delta
The country is bless with a number of renewable energy sources (wind, small-hydro, Biomass and solar) sustainable but yet to be exploited

3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The country needs diversification of the energy sources for sustainability and efficiency
It will support human, economic, social, and environmental development for a long period of time
Sustainability of energy is not limited to constant supply but also to the production and supply of energy to strike a balance between human well being and ecology
The Brundtland Report identified energy sustainability to include sufficiency, sustainable grow, supply to meet with human need for all times to come

4. KEY DRIVERS FOR RENEWABLE ENEGY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
The demand-supply gap especially as population increases
A large untapped potential available in the country
Concern for environment to avoid degradation
The need to strengthen energy security in the country
Pressure on high-emission industry sector from the oil companies
It is a viable solution for rural electrification
Insecurity/insurgency in the North, oil bunkering in the south and the kidnap of expert-trade and very important personalities in the country due to lack of jobs

5. ENERGY CONSUMPTION TREND IN NIGERIA
The consumption of energy in Nigeria is not in any way different from the energy needs of other sovereign states.
Stable power supply in the country needs about 20,000 to 30,000 MW of electricity
Power production in the country is below 4,000 MW
Presently 17 companies are working to upgrade the existing structure
Attractive tariff may help matter in power generation in the country
Government should provide subsidy to attract investors

6. POLICY DELINEATION IN NIGERIA
There is several energy policy in the country as coordinated by energy commission, but these policies need review to incorporate renewable energy
The need for government to improve its political will for most of these policies to be implemented

7. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
There is no strong law governing energy generation through renewable sources
There is need for specific agency for renewable energy development in the country
The energy commission is supposedly to promote as such but the commission is still following up the enactment of renewable energy law in the National Assembly
There is the need to protect the environment through energy diversification and renewable is the answer

8. ENERGY COMMISSION OF NIGERIA
Established in 1979 by Act No. 62 as amended by Act No. 32 of 1988 and Act No. 19 of 1989
It is the apex government body charged with the responsibility of carrying out the country’s energy sector
Its includes planning, policy implementation and the diversification of energy sources

9. OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMISSION
To increase the energy sector that will add to the development of National income and economy
Provide adequate and sustainable optimal supply of energy
To provide sufficient consumption pattern for indigenous energy technology and acquisition of foreign technology
To increase private investments and development of the energy sector

10. FUNCTION, RESPONSIBILITIES, CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATION
Planning, coordinating, providing effective direction on policy formation and implementation
Its over see the energy centers in the country
CHALLENGES
Funding
Policies needs review since 2007
Data not updated
No legal framework for renewable
It is difficult to implement policies
RECOMMENDATION
Legal framework to be put in place
Funding to be provided by both the government and private sectors
Political will from the leadership to be provided
incentive to be provided
Research funding to be increased

11. NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION
It is an independent regulator as an agency established on 31st October 2005 by the electricity power sector reform (EPSR) Act 2005
RESPONSILITIES
Monitoring and regulating the electricity in the country
Issuance of license to market participant in generation, transmission, system operation, distribution and trading of electricity
CHANLLENGES
Bureaucratic and institutional processes
How it can best standardize market
Participates across the rudiments of the regulatory scenery of economic constraint and rates

12. MULTI YEAR TARIFF AND ORDER 2012
This price system was adopted in October 2012 in preparation for the privatization of the electricity sector and it was outline to take-care of the following
Consumer/investors rights and obligations
Rational for price increase if the need arises
Consultations carried out by the commission
Measures to mitigate effect of tariff increase
Benefit of MYTO to consumers
Retail tariff structure

13. MAJOR CHALLEGES TO THE DEVELOMENT OF SOURCES OF RNEWABLE ENERGY IN NIGERIA
The country is facing the problem of economic, social and human development
Poverty rate in 1980 was 28.1%, moved to 70% in 2004 with an annual increase of about 2% yearly. Presently about 130 million out of the 160 million Nigerians are poor in the country despite the country’s natural resources
UNDP report shows that nine in every 10 Nigerians live on less than two dollar per day

14. CONCLUSION
The country’s energy needs should be provided through diversification of the energy sources rightly available in the country
The companies presently involve in the ongoing privatization of the power sector should be encourage by the government by providing enabling environment by adjusting the difficult regulations

15. THANK YOU