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Shaft Power Generation Devices - 1
P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department A List of Artificial Animals for Human Development !!!!
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Closed or Open Cycle Devices
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Displacement work or Flowing Fluid Work Devices
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Nicolaus Otto Nicolaus Otto and Eugen Langen started the world's first engine manufacturing company N.A. Otto & Cie (now DEUTZ AG, Köln) in 1864. In 1867, the pair were awarded a Gold Medal at the Paris World Exhibition for their atmospheric gas engine built a year earlier.
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Otto’s Displacement Work Device
Intake Stroke FUEL Ignition Power Stroke Combustion Products Exhaust Stroke Fuel/Air Mixture Compression Stroke Spark Ignition Engine
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Otto’s Divided Model for SI Engine Model
A I R Intake Stroke FUEL Ignition Power Stroke Combustion Products Exhaust Stroke Fuel/Air Mixture Compression Stroke
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Nichalo Otto’s Model for Closed Cycle of SI Engine
TC Qin Const volume heat addition Process BC Qout Const volume heat rejection Process Air Compression Process Expansion Process
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Control System for an I.C. Engine
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Air-Standard Otto cycle
Substance : Air : Ideal Gas & Constant Properties Process 1 2 Isentropic compression Process 2 3 Constant volume heat addition Process 3 4 Isentropic expansion Process 4 1 Constant volume heat rejection Compression ratio: Qin Qout v2 TC v1 BC TC BC
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First Law Analysis of Otto Cycle
12 Isentropic Compression AIR 23 Constant Volume Heat Addition AIR Qin TC
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3 4 Isentropic Expansion
AIR 3 4 Isentropic Expansion 4 1 Constant Volume Heat Removal Qout AIR BC
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Analysis of Cycle Net cycle work: Cycle thermal efficiency:
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Details of Otto Cycle Engine
Net cycle work: Cycle thermal efficiency: Qin Qout
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Typical SI engines 9 < r < 11
Effect of Compression Ratio on Thermal Efficiency Fuel/Air Mixture Compression Stroke Typical SI engines 9 < r < 11 Spark ignition engine compression ratio limited by Tig (autoignition) and p3 (material strength), both ~r
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Yamaha Yzf R15 Specification
Engine Type : Liquidcooled, 4stroke, SOHC Engine Displacement(cc) : cc Compression Ratio :10.4:1 Maximum Power : RPM Maximum Torque rpm Air fuel ratio = 1: 14.7 Calorific value of gasoline = 45,200 kJ/kg
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Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel
Diesel began designing an engine based on the Carnot cycle, in 1893. Diesel published a treatise entitled, Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat-engine to Replace the Steam Engine and Combustion Engines Known Today. This formed the basis for his work on and invention of, the diesel engine. In his engine, fuel was injected at the end of compression and the fuel was ignited by the high temperature resulting from compression.
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Displacement Work Devices : Compression Ignition Engine
Intake Stroke Combustion Products Exhaust Stroke Power Stroke Air Compression Stroke
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Ideal Diesel Cycle Qin Qout Const pressure heat addition Process BC
Const volume heat rejection Process Air Compression Process Expansion Process
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Process 1 2 Isentropic compression
Air-Standard Diesel cycle Process 1 2 Isentropic compression Process 2 3 Constant pressure heat addition Process 3 4 Isentropic expansion Process 4 1 Constant volume heat rejection Qin Cut-off ratio: Qout Compression ratio: v2 TC v1 BC TC BC
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12 Isentropic Compression
First Law Analysis of Diesel Cycle 12 Isentropic Compression AIR 23 Constant Pressure Heat Addition Qin AIR TC
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3 4 Isentropic Expansion
AIR 3 4 Isentropic Expansion 4 1 Constant Volume Heat Removal Qout AIR BC
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First Law Analysis of Cycle
Net cycle work: Cycle thermal efficiency:
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rc=1 rc=2 rc=3 Typical CI Engines 15 < r < 20 Thermal Efficiency
When rc (= v3/v2)1 the Diesel cycle efficiency approaches the efficiency of the Otto cycle Higher efficiency is obtained by adding less heat per cycle, Qin, run engine at higher speed to get the same power.
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Innova Diesel 2.5: DSLA/T Engine Technology
Direct Injection Four-Stroke Common-Rail Diesel (D-4D) Type 2.5 Liter Diesel, 4-Cylinder, In-line 16V, Double Overhead Camshaft (Turbo Charged) Displacement 2494 CC Maximum Output 76kW/3600 Maximum Torque 260Nm/ Bore and Stroke 92.0x93.8 Compression Ratio & cut-off Ratio 18.5:1 & 2.5 Fuel Consumption at Max. Power 12.2 kg/hr. Calorific value of Diesel 41,180 kJ/kg
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Thermodynamic Cycle for control volume based power device
1-2 Isentropic compression 2-3 Constant pressure heat addition 3-4 Isentropic expansion 4-1 Constant pressure heat rejection. Type of Working substance Vapour – Rankine cycle Ideal Gas – Brayton cycle.
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