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Chapter 16 Bell-ringer: In approximately 5 sentences, summarize what you know about WWII.
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Causes Seeds planted in WWI – Economic depression and struggle after WWI Rise of powerful dictators – Believed in nationalism Loyalty to country and dreams of expansion
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Germany Weimar Republic – Democracy put in place after WWI – Overwhelmed by being blamed, reparations, and stripping of overseas and border colonies
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Russia Resented being carved up after WWI – See next slide
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The Rise of Nationalism Communist Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin Communism- state owns all property
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The Rise of Nationalism Nazi Germany – Adolph Hitler Nazism – Hitler’s type of fascism Extreme nationalism
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The Rise of Nationalism Fascist Italy – Benito Mussolini Fascism- rule by single party and small group of politicians – Stressed nationalism – Importance of the state over the individual
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The Rise of Nationalism Fascist Spain – Francisco Franco
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The Rise of Nationalism Hideki Tojo Japan – Emperor Hirohito
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Actions Japan – Needed more living space – Surprise attack on Manchuria League of Nations Response: condemned Japan – Japan quits the League
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Actions Italy – Invades and takes over Ethiopia Ethiopia pleads for help from the League Response: Ineffective economic boycott
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Actions Spanish army behind Francisco Franco overthrow Spanish Republic – Soviets send supplies to assist – Germany and Italy send troops, weapons, tanks, and fighter planes
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Chapter 16 Continued Bell-ringer #4: Complete #1-3 about the political cartoon on p. 534
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United States Most want to remain neutral Neutrality Acts: – Outlawed arms sales or loans to warring nations (including nations in civil war)
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United States Roosevelt gives speech showing his strong stance AGAINST isolationism – Harsh backlash Began a shift in the debate
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Germany Lebensraum – “living space” Appeasement- giving in to avoid aggression – Policy adopted by Neville Chamberlain
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Germany March 12, 1938 – Takes over Austria – Majority of Austrians favored unification Consequence: none (condemned)
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Germany Next: Sudetenland – Part of Czechoslovakia Claimed evil practices by Czechs on Germans – False propaganda – Met with Chamberlain and other officials – Result: Notta
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Germany Took the rest of Czech. Then signed pact with Stalin and took Poland – Soviets and Germans agreed never to attack one another (nonaggression pact) – Secret pact: Divide Poland b/w Germany and the Soviet Union
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WWII Begins Blitzkrieg – Overwhelming force to surprise and defeat the enemy Hitler takes Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
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WWII Begins Maginot Line (French Border) – German tanks pass through the Ardennes (thought to be impassable) – Surround French and British troops French surrender
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Great Britain Germans launch massive air raids on RAF (Royal Air Force) – Massive destruction but RAF holds off the Luftwaffe – Germans call off the invasion indefinitely Despite not defeating the British, what might the German bombing do to the British?
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What about the Holocaust?
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Computer Lab Activity Dictator Biography Presentation (35 points) – Birth and childhood (dates and significant events) – Rise to power (how?) – Significant actions (use textbook!) – Death (date and how?) – Personality? – Beliefs? – Interesting facts of events No sentences on slides Graded on: being prepared, creativity, accuracy, and using class time effectively Must contain at least 5 pictures
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Choices FDR Neville Chamberlain Winston Churchill Stalin Hitler Franco Mussolini Groups of 3 or 4
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Bell-ringer Do you believe that presidents should be limited to two terms? Response should be at least 5 sentences
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America Moves Toward War FDR revises the Neutrality Acts – Cash-and-carry policy – Pay cash and transport in your own ships Too little, too late? – France had fallen – British under siege
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Axis Powers Germany, Italy, and Japan sign mutual defense treaty – Tripartite Pact – Axis Powers – Hoped to keep U.S. out of war
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Building Defenses Selective Training and Service Act – Registered 16 million men between 21 and 35 Roosevelt elected to 3 rd term – P. 551 – Discussion
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Lend-Lease Act Fireside chats to promote more assistance Britain low on cash – Lend-lease aid – Also to Soviet Union German Wolf Packs – See p. 553
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Escalation German U-boats destroy several U.S. merchant ships – Congress agrees to arm merchant ships
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Japan Tojo hopes to unite East Asia under Japanese rule – Took French colonies in Vietnam and Cambodia – U.S. places oil embargo Tojo ensures Hirohito that he will try for peace with the Americans – Then, prepares for attack
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Pearl Harbor U.S. decodes Japan’s communication – Knew about attack, but didn’t know when or where It came on December 7, 1941
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Activity Diary entry – At least 10 sentences Pearl Harbor – What were you doing? – How did you feel? – Be creative
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