1. 1 HCI History Key people, events, ideas and paradigm shifts This material has been developed by Georgia Tech HCI faculty, and continues to evolve. Contributors include Gregory Abowd, Jim Foley, Diane Gromala, Elizabeth Mynatt, Jeff Pierce, Colin Potts, Chris Shaw, John Stasko, and Bruce Walker. This specific presentation also borrows from James Landay and Jason Hong at UC Berkeley. Comments directed to foley@cc.gatech.edu are encouraged. Permission is granted to use with acknowledgement for non-profit purposes. Last revision: January 2004. foley@cc.gatech.edu

2. 2 Why study HCI’s history? Understand where you’ve come from “Those who don’t know history are doomed to repeat it” Knowledge of an area implies an appreciation of its history

3. 3 What are Paradigms Understanding HCI history is largely about understanding a series of paradigm shifts

4. 4 Some Key Technological Advances Computing in 1945 - Batch processing Interactive graphics systems Time sharing computers  One computer to many people Internet

5. 5 More Key Technological Advances The desk top / personal computer  One computer to one person Inexpensive, low-power chips  Many computers to one person Wireless connectivity

6. 6 Key People People  Vannevar Bush  Doug Engelbart  Ivan Sutherland  J. R. (Lick) Licklider  Alan Kay  Ted Nelson  Nicholas Negroponte  Mark Weiser  Jaron Lanier

7. 7 Computing in 1945 Harvard Mark I 55 feet long, 8 feet high, 5 tons Jason Hong / James Landay, UC Berkeley, Picture from http://piano.dsi.uminho.pt/m useuv/indexmark.htm

8. 8 Innovator: Vannevar Bush “As We May Think” - 1945 Atlantic Monthly  “…publication has been extended far beyond our present ability to make real use of the record.” Postulated Memex device  Stores all records/articles/communications  Items retrieved by indexing, keywords, cross references (now called hyperlinks)  (Envisioned as microfilm, not computer)

9. Memex 9

10. 10 “As We May Think” Other Futuristic inventions / trends  Wearable cameras for photographic records  Encyclopedia Britanica for a nickel  Automatic transcription of speech  Direct capture of nerve impulses