1. Applications of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems in NEDO Projects January 29, 2007 Toshiharu Yagi International Projects Management Division Energy and Environment Technology Center New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing PV Power Generation Systems in Mongolia

2. 1 Outline （１） PV Power Generation System Applications （２） Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan （３） Further Application of NEDO ’ s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects

3. 2 （１） PV Power Generation Systems Application Rooftops Walls Windows Others Rooftop installed Sloped Rooftop integrated* Flat Wall installed Wall integrated* Window* Ceiling* Roof material type Window roof* Louver* Monuments, etc. Ａ． Installation of PV modules ** Ｂ． Systems Stand-alone systems Hybrid systems Grid connected systems Microgrids Applicatio ns Electrificatio n Water supply Resolving power supply restrictions Effective power utilization **Source: Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA) （２） BIPV and NEDO Projects （３） International Cooperative Demonstration Projects * ＢＩＰＶ Rooftop integrated type Type

4. 3 Outline （１） PV Power Generation System Applications （２） Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan （３） Further Application of NEDO ’ s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects

5. （ 2 ）－ 1 NEDO’s activities for the introduction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) １． FY1993 - FY1996 R&D on integrating PV modules into construction materials to combine PV arrays with buildings and reduce system installation costs ２． FY1997 – FY2000 Further R&D on PV modules to develop new types of BIPV ３． FY1998 - Field testing of developed BIPV that has reached a certain technological level, to confirm performance and economic efficiency, as well as to improve reliability

6. 5 (2) – 2 PV power field tests １． Objectives: Cost reduction/standardization Identification of performance/ economic efficiency as well as improvement of reliability Subsidies: 50% ４． Domestic cumulative capacity ２． Cumulative installed capacity/ installation costs for field tests ３． BIPV component ratios (when adopted for field tests) Fiscal Year J\/W Cumulative capacity Installation cost Fiscal Year Off grid On grid Total 1,130MW 30% installed in public sector/ industrial sector M W W Yen/ W MW kWkW ２． Cumulative installed capacity/ installation costs for field tests 8% 11% 5% 4% ２０ ２４ ７ ５ 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% FY2003FY2004FY2005FY2006 Fiscal Year Project ratio 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Cumulative capacity (MW) Efficiency improvement New type of control BIPV New type of PV module Total capacity

7. 6 (2) – 3 Roof top installations Rooftops Rooftop installed type Sloped rooftops Kameyama factories (5,150kW), Sharp Corporation Saishunkan hilltop botanical garden plant (480kW)

8. 7 ＢＩＰＶ RooftopRooftop integrated type JR East Takasaki station (100kW) (2) – 4 Roof top integrated Rooftop Tamiya Seisakusho, greenhouse (30kW) Rooftop integrated type

9. 8 (2) – 5 BIPV wall integrated ＢＩＰＶ WallsWall integrated type Walls Tuzuki post office, Yokohama (8.5kW) Kyocera Corporation headquarters (214kW) (rooftop: 57kW + wall: 157kW) Wall integrated type

10. 9 (2) – 6 Others ＢＩＰＶ WindowsCeiling typeOthersLouver type Panasonic center (16kW) Residential care home for the elderly (2.2kW)

11. 10 Project for Supporting New Energy Operators (FY2001) Rental apartments with PV power generation systems (Received the 10 th METI Minister’s Awards (Gold Prize)) １． PV1.55 ｋ W×43 households （ 1.665 ｋ W for common use space ） Total capacity: 66.165 ｋ W ２． All electrification with ECO CUTE and IH cooking heaters

12. 11 “See-through Type Photovoltaic Modules” “See-through type PV modules” introduced for the first time in Kyushu, Japan, allow light to come in through the ceiling.

13. 12 Outline （１） PV Power Generation System Applications （２） Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan （３） Further Application NEDO ’ s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects

14. 13 （ 3 ）－１ Project objectives NEDO conducts domestic research activities to resolve technical issues for the introduction of dispersed power sources such as PV power generation systems. Overseas project implementation aims to contribute to host countries ’ sustainable development. Environmentally friendly photovoltaic power generation systems can provide nearly unlimited energy and require minimal, uncomplicated maintenance. Expanding photovoltaic power generation is essential for oil-alternative energy development. To develop practical uses for PV power generation systems, it is necessary to enhance systems from the perspective of cost reductions and improved reliability through verification tests. International cooperative verification is expected to obtain data under host countries ’ distinctive climatic and social systems that cannot be replicated in Japan. Background International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems

15. 14 （ 3 ）－ 2 Project scheme Japanese side Japanese work sharing responsibilities: Surveys/planning, design/ manufacturing of primary equipment, transportation to the host country, construction, installation, commissioning, adjustment and demonstration Others (cooperation in holding seminars for maintenance of equipment) Host country work sharing responsibilities: Cooperation in basic surveys, cooperation in design of equipment (including layouting), involvement in demonstrative operations/equipment maintenance Others (tax exemptions, securement of lands/methods for accessing project sites) Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Agreement on basic provisions of the project Concretization Detailed agreement on practical project matters, if necessary Implementation of specified work ＮＥＤＯ Work Entrustment Entrusted Company Implementers (Municipal governments, power companies, research institutes, universities, state-owned enterprises) Responsible Government Organizations Instructions for Cooperation Host country side Implementation Document (ID)

16. 15 １ ２ ３ ４ ５ ９ 10 ６ ７ ８ 11 12 13 14 15 （ 3 ）－ 3 Project sites Beijin g Bangko k Abundant solar radiation with rainy seasons Abundant solar radiation with much less rain

17. 16 Off Grid On Grid （３ ) – 4 PV systems Large-scale PV （３） Deviation due to complicated pattern of tidal current ④ Hybrid - Mini Grid ② SHS ③ BCS ① Water Pumping ④ Village electrificati on system ⑤ Grid connecting system for Industrials For Residential （１） Elevated voltage PC （２） Islanding

18. 17 （ 3 ）－ 5 Past projects Water-pumping PV system ([1] Nepal) Portable PV system （ [2] Mongolia ） Battery charging station PV system ([3] Thailand ） Village electrification ([4] Malaysia ） PV + micro hydro PV + micro hydro （ [5] Vietnam/[9] Cambodia ） PV + pumping-up PV + pumping-up （ [11] Laos ） PV + wind power PV + wind power （ [7] Myanmar/[14] China ） PV + biogas PV + biogas ([10] Cambodia ） PV + diesel power PV + diesel power Public/industrial use Public/industrial use （ [12]Beijing/[15]Ba ngkok) Stand-alone systems Hybrid systemsGrid connected systems 1992-19981998-20062003-2006 （ [6] Thailand/[8] Mongolia/[7]Myan mar/[13] China) Period: 1992- 2006 Host countries: 9 # of projects: 15 Systems: 3 types Total :

19. 18 【７】 Demonstrative Research on a Grid- connected Photovoltaic Power Generation System (PV + wind power + DEG) in Myanmar 1999-2004 １． Project site location: 200km west of Yangon, facing Bay of Bengal ２． Principal industries: agriculture, fishery, tourism (resort/beaches) ３． Site conditions: coastal area, power supply restriction due to a rotating system for operation Power supply significantly increased ５． Results: Stable power supply during rapid changes of the climate or load Demand Side M ａｎａｇｅｍｅｎ t by an icemaker PV power generation: 80 ｋ W, wind power generation: 40kW, DEG: 60kW, ballast load: 24kW Power plantDemand side PV Invert er Wind powe r Icemake r DEGVillage Hotel Invert er Batteri es ４． System configuration :

20. 19 【 10 】 Demonstrative Research Project on Combined Power Generation Units for Grid-connected System (PV + biogas) in Cambodia 2002-2004 １． Project site location: 2 hour drive from Phnom Penh in the direction of Sihanoukville ２． Principal industry: agriculture ３． Site conditions: plain field, non- electrified area with one village of 210 households ５． Results: Interconnected operation control absorbing unstable PV power output auxiliary machinery Effectiveness of a hybrid system with biomass gas power generation PV power generation: 50kW, biogas power generation: 70kW (biogas rated output: 303m3/day ） Power plantDemand side ＰＶＰＶ Inverte r Villag e Tapioc a plant Cattle house Biomass gasification plant ＧＥＧ Methan e gas ４． System configuration : Electrified

21. 20 【１１】 Demonstrative Research Project on Small- scale Pumping Up Power Generation System with Photovoltaic in Laos 2003 - 2005 ５． Results: Battery alternative effect by pumping up power generation Establishment of maintenance scheme PV power generation: 100kW, hydro power generation: 70kW, lifting pump: 7.5kW pump× ８ １ ． Project site location: 30km northwest of Luang Prabang ２． Principal industry: rice cultivation ３． Site conditions: mountainous/non- electrified area with 10 villages (approx. 900 households with 5000 persons) Approx. 500 households were electrified. Power plantDemand side Villag e MH Water flow pon d ４． System configuration: pumping PV Lifting pump Inverter

22. 21 【１５】 Development of Islanding Prevention Methods Under Clustered PV Conditions and Improvement of Electricity Quality in Thailand 2004 - 2006 １． Project site location: 30km west and 20km north of Bangkok ２． Industry: rice vermicelli manufacturing plant and Thailand Environment Institute ３． Site conditions: suburbs of Bangkok ５． Results: New methods for islanding prevention Technology development and demonstration of voltage control Output characteristics of amorphous PV under high temperature PV power generation: 155kW. Batteries: 70kWh Commerci al power plant Rice vermicelli manufacturing plant and TEI Power plant Substati on Load a-Si PV Bulk PV PC ４． System configuration: Batteries Inverter

23. 22 （３） - 6 Research results ① Diversification of hybrid PV power generation systems: Particularly, various combinations of hybrid/mini- grid systems. Data acquisition (DEG, biogas engine, micro-hydro and wind power) ② Technical issues in energy utilization: Effective utilization of PV power output (combined with other power sources, monitoring capacity of storage batteries, DSM), battery-free systems (PV+ hydro pumped to reservoir), improvement of battery cycle life (advanced storage batteries) ③ Resolving technical power grid connection problems when integrating large-scale dispersed power sources: Identification of impact on power grids, establishment of operational control systems using storage batteries and two-way inverters, stabilizing power output interconnection by isolating erratic power output, new method for islanding detection, and supply of reactive power, etc.

24. 23 （ 3 ）－ 7 Project implementation objectives Stabilization of micro-grid operation Power supply less affected by brownouts/blackouts Capacitors to control momentary power fluctuations ・ Small-scale power grids ・ Large-scale power grids Development of design supporting tools Support for improvement of maintenance skills International Cooperative Demonstration Project for Stabilized and Advanced Grid-connection PV Systems Updated scheme of International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems

25. 24 Results of International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems （５） Project results Reliability/durability of stand- alone systems were confirmed Planning and implementation of 100,000 ger electrification in Mongolia Introduction of battery charging station in Thailand Operation control of each type of hybrid system was verified Development of design support tools Support for improvement of maintenance skills Support for introduction plan Support for establishment of maintenance scheme Dissemination of PV power generation systems Dissemination of PV power generation systems Implementation and results of demonstrative research on grid connection technology Identification of impact/verification of PV output variations, new methods for islanding detection, application of Japanese grid-connection technology guidelines, etc. Stabilization of micro-grid, high-quality power supply, application of capacitors, integrated control systems, etc. Shared knowledge of grid- connection technologies Introduction and dissemination of grid- connected systems Introduction and dissemination of grid- connected systems Results for Japan Contributions to host countries

26. 25 Thank you for your attention.