1. Business and Computing Deanery Multimedia Week 16 3D modelling

2. Multimedia 2 Last week Lecture Software for development and distribution of 3D Hardware for 3D rendering Geometric principles of parametric modelling

3. Multimedia 3 This week Lecture 3D modelling Parametric modelling Supported session Work on your first portfolio Work on 3ds max tutorials

4. Multimedia 4 Modeller concepts Four types of modelling systems: Parametric Polygon Spline Patch Many pieces of software combine two or more of these basic techniques Giambruno M, (2002)

5. Multimedia 5 Parametric modellers Retain their base geometric information Default shape Current size Segments This information can be accessed and altered Can be spline or polygon based Deformations can be applied

6. Multimedia 6 Polygon modellers Objects constructed with polygons Made up of tiny, flat surfaces More polygons mean More detail Bigger file sizes Low polygon Used in real-time games Small file sizes Quick to render 3ds max v7

7. Multimedia 7 Spline modellers A line defined as points, usually curved Resolution independent No faces Useful for creating organic shapes Different types B-spline Bezier NURBS Non-uniform rational b-splines

8. Multimedia 8 Spline types B-spline Bezier NURBS Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines More information at http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~dfg/AndysSplineTutori al 3D Graphics and animation

9. Multimedia 9 Patch modellers Use a network of control points Lattice of splines or polygons Stretch or tug on the shape Useful for organic forms 3ds max v7

10. Multimedia 10 Portfolio 2.1 Create a VRML model using 3ds max of a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a desk constructed of cylinders and boxes. A screen shot of your model rendered in a browser, printed How are you going to start? What do you need to know?

11. Multimedia 11 What do you need to know? How to start Making basic shapes Changing the shapes Moving objects Aligning objects Making copies of objects

12. Multimedia 12 It should look something like…

13. Multimedia 13 Common 3D primitives Cone Sphere GeoSphere Teapot Box Tube Cylinder Taurus 3ds max v7

14. Multimedia 14 Activity Draw a sketch of a table sitting on a floor Annotate it with basic shapes 3ds max v7

15. Multimedia 15 Creating and changing primitives 1. Modify panel 2. Create panel 3. Object categories 3ds max v7

16. Multimedia 16 Extended primitive types AutoGrid Hedra Extended Primitive Torus Knot Extended Primitive ChamferBox Extended Primitive ChamferCyl Extended Primitive OilTank Extended Primitive Capsule Extended Primitive Spindle Extended Primitive L-Ext Extended Primitive Gengon Extended Primitive C-Ext Extended Primitive RingWave Extended Primitive Hose Extended Primitive Prism Extended Primitive 3ds max v7

17. Multimedia 17 Selection Select buttons Select by name Select by region Select by filter Paintbrush selection Multiple selection Isolate selection 3ds max v7

18. Multimedia 18 Gizmos The Transform gizmos let you quickly choose one or two axes when transforming a selection with the mouse. You choose an axis by placing the mouse over any axis of the icon, and then drag the mouse to transform the selection along that axis. To move or scale an object, you can use other areas of the gizmo to perform transforms along any two axes simultaneously. 3ds max v7

19. Multimedia 19 Activity Start up 3ds max Draw a floor with a box primitive Name it Make sure that it is selected Change the size Change the colour

20. Multimedia 20 Transformations Geometric transformation Mathematical operation What are the three possible methods of transformation? Position Rotate Scale

21. Multimedia 21 Perspective transformations Perspective projection Happens automatically in virtually all 3D software A perspective view is created by projecting each point of the object onto a picture plane Parallel lines converge in the distance Creates a 2D image on the monitor/paper Axonometric projection

22. Multimedia 22 Coordinate systems Max supports a number of coordinate systems View - default Screen World Parent Local Gimbal Grid Pick

23. Multimedia 23 View View—In the default View coordinate system, X, Y, and Z axes are the same in all orthogonal viewports. When you move an object using this coordinate system, you are moving it relative to the space of the viewport. X always points right. Y always points up. Z always points straight out of the screen toward you. 3ds max v7, (2005)

24. Multimedia 24 Transform tools Transform buttons Or type in the dimensions 3ds max v7

25. Multimedia 25 Pivot points The Use Center flyout provides access to three methods to determine the geometric center for scale and rotate operations 3ds max v7

26. Multimedia 26 Transform centre Rotation or scaling of an object around its pivot point 3ds max v7

27. Multimedia 27 Align objects Is very important for real time rendering Meshes should never intersect can really upset the rendering engine Select an object Select to align it Select the target Important order

28. Multimedia 28 Align Flyout Align Quick Align Normal Align Place Highlight Align Camera Align to View 3ds max v7

29. Multimedia 29 Other align options Use a grid Snap To a grid Other objects Bounding box Pivot point Perpendicular Tangent

30. Multimedia 30 Activity Add a table leg and table top Align the leg to just touch the floor and table top

31. Multimedia 31 Copying and instancing Copy Creates a completely separate clone from the original. Modifying one has no effect on the other Instance Creates a completely interchangeable clone of the original. Modifying an instanced object is the same as modifying the original Reference method Creates a clone dependent on the original up to the point when the object is cloned. Changing parameters for modifiers that were applied to the object before the object was referenced, will change both objects. However, a new modifier can be applied to one of the reference objects, and it will affect only the object to which it is applied. 3ds max v7

32. Multimedia 32 Array Series of clones Linear Select object Define axis Define distance Define number Radial Select axis Specify number 3ds max v7

33. Multimedia 33 Activity Copy and position legs Place an array of objects on the table top Save as.max Export as VRML

34. Multimedia 34 Deforms or modifiers Modifiers provide a way for you to sculpt and edit objects change the geometry of an object An unlimited number of modifiers can be applied to an object Modifiers can be deleted Modifiers can be copied to other objects The order or sequence in which you add modifiers is important. Each modifier affects those that come after it.

35. Multimedia 35 Selection of modifiers Bend Bevel Lathe Edit mesh Patch deformer Surface modifier Optimize Edit spline Taper Smooth Twist Skin modifier Mirror Extrude Refer to 3ds max 7 help

36. Multimedia 36 Bend modifier Parameters Angle Direction Axis Limits 3ds max v7

37. Multimedia 37 Taper modifier Parameters Amount Curve Axis Limits 3ds max v7

38. Multimedia 38 Twist modifier Parameters Angle Bias Axis Limits 3ds max v7

39. Multimedia 39 Squash modifier Parameters Axial bulge Amount Curve Radial squeeze Amount Curve Limits Effect balance 3ds max v7

40. Multimedia 40 Object data flow The software evaluates changes affecting the object for display The object data flow is the order in which they are evaluated 3ds max v7

41. Multimedia 41 The Modifier Stack Using the Modifier Stack Find a particular modifier and adjust its parameters View and manipulate the sequence of modifiers Copy, cut, and paste modifiers between objects, or sets of objects Deactivate the effect of a modifier in the stack, the viewport display, or both Select a modifier’s components, such as gizmo or centre Delete modifiers. 3ds max 7 help

42. Multimedia 42 Organising yourself Save frequently Do NOT work across the network Organise your work How? Save different versions of your work with new file names Folders for tutorial work Folders for portfolio work

43. Multimedia 43 Question Hope has asked you to make a 3d model of a proposed lecture theatre Compare the use of different types of cloning of shapes in the modelling of a chair Give two instances of how array might be used for a block of seats

44. Multimedia 44 For Next Week Work on Portfolio 2.1 Work on your presentation Work on the 3ds max tutorials Directed reading chapters 4 Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition

45. Multimedia 45 References Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Kerlow I. V., (2003) The Art of 3-D Computer Animation and Effects, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc; ISBN: 0471430366 Screen shots taken from 3ds max 7 User Reference