1. ERA AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING NORBERT KROO HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, EURAB AND ERC VIENNA,15.06.2007

2. GROWING SIGNIFICANCE OF KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE BASED SOCIETY (ECONOMY)  INNOVATION ORIENTED SOCIETY RESOURCES (LABOUR, MATERIALS, ENERGY, CAPITAL, KNOWLEDGE). SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE! (danger to treat knowledge as a tradable commodity) NEW PRACTICES INRESEARCH (multidisciplinary,groups) NEW PRIORITIES (sustainable devel.,jobs, competitiveness) DRYING OUT TECHNOLOGIES NEW POTENTIAL REVOLUTIONS (BIO-, NANO-, INFO-TECHNOLOGIES ) INCREASING CRITICAL SIZE. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

3. SCIENCE IS CHANGING SCIENCE IS CHANGING * THE COMPLEXITY OF KNOWLEDGE INCREASES  DEEPER * THE COMPLEXITY OF KNOWLEDGE INCREASES  DEEPER KNOWLEDGE IN NARROWER FIELDS KNOWLEDGE IN NARROWER FIELDS * INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH EXPANDS. * INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH EXPANDS. (COMPLEX PROBLEMS) (COMPLEX PROBLEMS) * THE COST OF RESEARCH (INFRASTRUCTURE) SKYROCKETS. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT NEEDED. * THE COST OF RESEARCH (INFRASTRUCTURE) SKYROCKETS. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT NEEDED. * INCREASING CRITICAL SIZE. NETWORKING. * INCREASING CRITICAL SIZE. NETWORKING. (BOTH FINANCIALLY AND IN HUMAN POTENTIAL) (BOTH FINANCIALLY AND IN HUMAN POTENTIAL) * STRONGER INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ECONOMY * STRONGER INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ECONOMY * NEW WAYS OF DOING SCIENCE: „KNOWLEDGE BORN IN CYBER- * NEW WAYS OF DOING SCIENCE: „KNOWLEDGE BORN IN CYBER- SPACE” THROUGH THE INTERACTION OF DISLOCATED SCIENTISTS SPACE” THROUGH THE INTERACTION OF DISLOCATED SCIENTISTS * DEVELOPMENT COSTS BEYOND THE POSSIBILITIES OF COMPANIESREQUEST FOR STATE INTERVENTION, COMPANY * DEVELOPMENT COSTS BEYOND THE POSSIBILITIES OF COMPANIESREQUEST FOR STATE INTERVENTION, COMPANY CONSORTIA CONSORTIA * SCIENCE HAS BECOME FULLY INTERNATIONAL. GLOBALIZATION * SCIENCE HAS BECOME FULLY INTERNATIONAL. GLOBALIZATION

4. GREAT CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES OF THE 21TH CENTURY (in the microworld) SIMULTANEOULY 3 GREAT REVOLUTIONS: INFORMATICS, BIOTECHNOLOGY, AND NANOTECHNOLOGY BUT THEIR COMBINATION ALSO POSSIBLE (E.G. BIOINFORMATICS) BIO INFO NANO

5. THE VISION OF EUROPEAN SCIENCE CHANCE TO SHAPE, STRUCTURE AND BETTER FUND SCIENCE IN EUROPE (on EU, national and regional levels) -structures and institutions evolve rapidly, -the newly founded ERC is of historical significance, -the re-launching of the ERA concept is on the agenda, -there is a chance to re-visit the EU budget for R&D and the treaty, -the renewed activity around the better use of the Structural Funds for R&D. HOW TO ADDRESS WEAKNESSES AND EXPLORE STRENGTHS ?

6. RESEARCH POLICY OF THE EU: -TO SUPPORT EXCELLENT RESEARCH: FP7 AND OF COHESION POLICIES: -TO REDUCE GRADIENTS BETWEEN REGIONS: STRUCTURAL FUNDS SYNERGY (COMPLEMENTARITY) OF THEM: -TO MOBILIZE THE R&D POTENTIAL ON ALL LEVELS -TO IMPROVE RESEARCH CAPACITY THE RE-VITALIZATION OF ERA -MOBILITY, INFRASTRUCTURE, INSTITUTIONS, COORDINATION, INTERNATIONALIZATION, EXCELLENCE, COOPERATION IN COMPETITION, BETTER USE OF THE RESEARCH CAPACITY OF THE NEW MEMBERS OF THE UNION

7. ABOUT EUROPEAN LEVEL COMPETITION: -ADDED VALUE: HIGHER QUALITY RESEARCH COOPERATION, NETWORKING: -CRITICAL MASS (INTELLECTUAL AND FINANTIAL) -LESS DUPLICATION, FRAGMENTATION SUPPORT OF EXCELLENCE: -GOOD FOR ALL BUT THE SAME APPLIES TO THE PROPER USE OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS!

8. „ SCIENCE IS TO SEE WHAT EVERYONE HAS SEEN BUT THINK WHAT NO ONE HAS THOUGHT” ALBERT SZENT-GYÖRGYI GALILEI ERC IDEAS! ( Frontier research)

9. THE GROWING SIGNIFICANCE OF IDEAS AND TALENTS (The Economist)

10. ERC ONE OF THE KEY INSTRUMENTS TO REALIZE THE ERA CONCEPT (ONE OF THE FOUR SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES OF FP7). THE NEED TO RE-THINK ERA EXPECTED BENEFITS - NEW KNOLEDGE, IDEAS, DISCOVERIES - HIGHER QUALITY BY EUROPEAN LEVEL COMPETITION - STRONGER EUROPEAN RESEARCH EFFORTS - DECREASING FRAGMENTATION - MINIMAL DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS AND RESOURCES - THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION MAY HAVE A BETTER VIEW OF RESEARCH IN EUROPE

11. MISSION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL OF ERC (more than money distributor): DECIDE ON SCIENTIFIC STRATEGY MONITOR AND CONTROL QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE ESTABLISH A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY (INCL. TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY MULTDISCIPLINARITY, SUPPORT OF HIGH RISK RESEARCH

12. A. SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS INSTITUTIONS, BEHAVIOUR, VALUES AND BELIEFS THE HUMAN MIND AND ITS COMPLEXITY CULTURES AND STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY THE STUDY OF THE PAST AND OF CULTURAL ARTEFACTS B. LIFE SCIENCES MOLECULAR, CELLULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY GENETICS, GENOMICS, BIOINFORMATICS AND SYSTEM BIOLOGY NEUROSCIENCES EVOLUTIONARY, POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY APPLIED MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES APPLIED BIOLOGY, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING

13. C. NATURAL SCIENCES MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS FUNDAMENTAL CONSTITUENTS OF MATTER STRUCTURES AND REACTIONS MATERIAL SCIENCES AND METHODS INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING SCIENCES UNIVERSE SCIENCE EART SYSTEM SCIENCE

14. ON RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE IT’S SIGNIFICANCE TO FACILITATE INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVENESS THE PUBLICATION LANDSCAPE AS A VITAL ELEMENT OF THIS INFRASTRUCTURE -the e-infrastructure itself, -the integration of research articles with primary data, -the role of publications in quality control, -the publishing itself, -copyrights, etc.

15. CHANGES IN THE PUBLICATION FIELD EURAB (EURAB 06.049) AND ERC STATEMENTS TIME IS GETTING RIPE FOR CHANGES! SOME PARADOXICAL ISSUES IN R&D: -COMPETITIVENESS PARADOX: often quoted in Europe -TIME PARADOX: THE TIME NEEDED TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE INCREASES AND THE OBSOLESCENCE TIME OF IT DECREASES (fast reactions needed from all players, scientists, decision makers, publishers, etc.) NEW TECHNOLOGIES (internet, databases,...) (strong impact on publication habits too)

16. PROGRESS IN ICT-s NEW TECHNOLOGIES = NEW POSSIBILITIES Silicon technology Vacuum tube technology ENIAC 4G DRAM

17. INTERESTS OF SCIENTISTS (and society): FAST DISSEMINATION AND PROMPT ACCESS MAXIMAL IMPACT (electronic: increasing share in publication) QUALITY ASSURANCE: - FOR EVALUATION (individuals and groups) - FOR COMPETITIVE ALLOCATION OF FUNDS FEEDBACK TO THE AUTHOR (good referee system) AFFORDABILITY - ACCEPTABLE PRIZE (at present too expensive) - SUPPORT OF THE FUNDERS

18. OPEN ACCESS: Making digital content available free of charge without restrictions (a complete version of the work is deposited, and this means published). OA repositories and electronic journals are subject to the same Peer Review process as the traditional journals Peer Review carried out by the scientific community The paradoxical cases: (Nature, Science ??)

19. DIFFERENT FORMS OF DISSEMINATION (1): 1. OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS -copyright typically by the author, -peer reviewed, -non profit with some exceptions, -author pays (<50%), page charge often waived, -main income from advertisments, -users have the right to read, copy, distribute, print, search, link to the full text of the articles (Budapest OA initiative, 2003) 2. PREPRINT -articles prior to publication, before peer review -limited quality significance, -freely distributed.

20. DIFFERENT FORMS OF DISSEMINATION (2): 3. POST PRINT -after peer reviewed but not copy edited -deposited in OA repositories. 4. PUBLISHER VERSION -revised version -PDF 5. OPEN ACCESS ARCHIVE -free access -long term preservation -without peer review -may contain preprints and postprints too

21. A FEW REMARKS: QUALITY, MEASURED ON THE BASIS OF THE REACTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY (impact) EXCELLENCE, AS THE ONLY SELECTION RULE IN FUNDING (ERC) NEEDS THIS PARAMETER E.G. IN THE EVALUATION OF APPLICATIONS.( problems with the peer review system in multidisciplinary fields). The ERC approach! DECREASE OF PRESCRIPTIONS (partly due to the prize factor) PUBLISHERS ARE FOR SCIENTISTS AND NOT THE OTHER WAY ROUND (publishers better organized; increasing efforts by scientists) BALANCED SYSTEM?

22. A FEW RECOMMENDATIONS: SCIENTISTS SHOULD BE FREE WHERE TO PUBLISH PROMPT AND BROAD ACCESS WITHIN THE EU PROGRAMMES (repository for [peer reviewed] articles) CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN EUROPEAN RESEARCH FUNDING ORGANIZATIONS OPEN ACCESS REPOSITORIES WITH GUIDELINES OF WHAT AND HOW TO DEPOSIT OA POLICY ONE ELEMENT IN RANKING A JOURNAL STANDARDIZATION OF PRACTICES PHASED IMPLEMENTATION OF ANY NEW PRACTICE GATEKEEPERS!

23. EUROPEAN PRESENCE ON THE GLOBAL PUBLICATION „MARKET” 1 2 3

24. TO CONCLUDE EUROPE HAS TO SPEED UP IT’S EFFORTS TO STRENGTHEN THE KNOWLEDGE BASE TO BE MORE COMPETITIVE ON GLOBAL SCALE, THE CHANCE TO BE SUCCESSFUL IS THERE, AN IMPROVED RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE IS ONE OF THE PRECONDITIONS, THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION SYSTEM IS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THIS INFRASTRUCTURE, THERE IS PLENTY OF ROOM TO IMPROVE IT’S EFFICIENCY, THIS CAN BE DONE IF THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES ARE OPTIMALLY EXPLORED AND THE DIFFERENT PLAYERS FIND A COMPROMISED COMMON PLATFORM.

25. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES