1. N.S. 100 Lecture 3 – Biochemistry is broken up into 3 parts – this is part 3a. 1

2.  Carbon atoms form chains  Carbon chains are backbone for molecules of life 2

3. 1 3 4 2 6 8 7 5 Carbon atom and carbon chain formation 3a

4. Diamond is a chain of carbon atoms 3b

5. Organic Chemistry = Chemistry of Carbon Atoms 4

6. Organic Molecules Contain Carbon + Hydrogen and maybe oxygen, and other atoms Everything here is organic …..oops except for the bottle 5

7. Biologically Important Organic Molecules Hydrocarbons – Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) Carbohydrates – C, H, Oxygen (O) Proteins – C, H, O, Nitrogen (N), Sulfur(S) Lipids – C, H, O Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, Phosphorous (P) 6

8. Hydrocarbons contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) 7

9. H C Hydrogen atom Carbon atom 8

10. H H H H C CH 4 Methane = simple hydrocarbon 9

11. A simple organic molecule with 1 Carbon and 4 hydrogen atoms Energy released when hydrogen separated from carbon during burning 10

12. Ethane Propane Examples of Hydrocarbons (carbon and hydrogen) 11

13. Butane Hydrocarbon (carbon and hydrogen) 12

14. Gasoline Diesel – long chain hydroc-c-c-c-c-c-c-carbon 13

15. Monomers Dimers Polymers 14

16. What are monomers? Monomers = small molecules linked together to form chains. What are polymers? Polymers = chains of monomers. Poly = many mer = parts or units Polymer = many parts linked together ? 15

17. 16

18. Like a polymer Like monomers 17

19. OH HO O Dehydration (removal of water) synthesis (uniting) Monomer A HOH (Monomer A) (Monomer B) Dimer & Polymer formation (Monomer A) dimer = two monomers 18

20. Polymer: repeating units of monomers Examples of polymers include: Starch = polymer in made of sugar monomers (food) Polyethylene = polymer made of ethylene monomers (plastic bags) Polystyrene = polymer made of styrene monomers (styrofoam cups and dishes) Protein = polymer made of amino acid monomers (muscle tissue) 19

21. Biologically Important Organic Molecules Hydrocarbons – Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) Carbohydrates – C, H, Oxygen (O) Proteins – C, H, O, Nitrogen (N), Sulfur(S) Lipids – C, H, O Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, Phosphorous (P) 20

22. Foods rich in Carbohydrates 21

23. Monosaccharides = sugar Disaccharides Polysaccharides Carbohydrates 22

24. Glucose (sugar) is a common example of a monosaccharide C 6 H 12 O 6 C1H2O1C1H2O1 Hydroxyl group C 6 H 12 O 6 Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen 23

25. Energy for all functions, in all cells, in all living things In humans – growth, kidney function, nerve impulses, digestion, muscle action, heart beat, and more Glucose 24

26. Normal glucose and insulin levels over a 24 hour period in people without diabetes Diabetic 25

27. OH HO O Dehydration (removal of water) synthesis (uniting) Monomer A Sucrose a Disaccharide (dimer = two monomers) HOH (Monomer A) (Monomer B) Monosaccharide (Monomer B) Disaccharide (dimer) formation Monosaccharide (Monomer A) 26

28. Biologist’s idea of Halloween fun Table Sugar 27

29. Polysaccharide (polymer) is made of many monosaccharides (monomers) Polysaccharide 28 Monosaccharide

30. Examples of Polysaccharides: Potato Starch Cellulose leaves Chitin exoskeletons 29

31. Biologically Important Organic Molecules Hydrocarbons – Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) Carbohydrates – C, H, Oxygen (O) Proteins – C, H, O, Nitrogen (N), Sulfur(S) Lipids – C, H, O Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, Phosphorous (P) 30

32. PROTEINS: Structure and Function of proteins controls structure and function of all life 31

33. Proteins are found in all cells and in many cell products Hair (cell product) Skin cell 32