1. EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 Enabling Grids for E-sciencE www.eu-egee.org www.glite.org Slides based on material from Sergio Andreozzi INFN-CNAF and from Pedro Rausch Bello 3 rd EELA workshop OMII-Europe All-Hands Meeting Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 The middleware

2. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 2 Disclaimer This presentation is based on materials provided and authorized by the EGEE project and is freely available to download and use according to the terms of the following license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/

3. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 3 OUTLINE The gLite middleware –Development process –Middleware decomposition  Foundation  High-level services The EGEE Project –Objective –Relationship to other projects

4. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 4 Part I The gLite middleware Programming the Grid with gLite http://doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/egee/tr/egee-tr-2006-001.pdf

5. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 5 gLite process Process controlled by the Technical Coordination Group (TCG) Task Forces with developers, applications, testers and deployment experts After gLite 3.0 adopt a continuous release process –No more big-bang releases with fixed deadlines for all –Develop components as requested by users and sites –Deploy or upgrade as soon as testing is satisfactory Major releases synchronized with large scale activities of VOs (SCs) –Next major release foreseen for the autumn

6. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 6 Middleware structure Applications have access both to Higher-level Grid Services and to Foundation Grid Middleware Higher-Level Grid Services are supposed to help the users building their computing infrastructure but should not be mandatory Foundation Grid Middleware will be deployed on the EGEE infrastructure –Must be complete and robust –Should allow interoperation with other major grid infrastructures –Should not assume the use of Higher-Level Grid Services Foundation Grid Middleware Security model and infrastructure Computing (CE) and Storage Elements (SE) Accounting Information and Monitoring Higher-Level Grid Services Workload Management Replica Management Visualization Workflow Grid Economies... Applications Overview paper http://doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/egee/tr/egee-tr-2006-001.pdfhttp://doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/egee/tr/egee-tr-2006-001.pdf

7. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 7 gLite Services Decomposition 6 High Level Services + CLI & API Legend: Available Foreseen in the architecture (only Job provenance will be available by the end of EGEE-II)

8. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 8 Job Workflow in gLite UI JDL Logging & Book-keeping ResourceBroker Job Submission ServiceStorageElementComputingElement InformationService Job Status LFCCatalog DataSets info Author. &Authen. Job Submit Event Job Query Job Status Input “sandbox” Input “sandbox” + Broker Info Globus RSL Output “sandbox” Job Status Publish voms-proxy-init Expanded JDL SE & CE info

9. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 9 Job Workflow in gLite UI JDL Logging & Book-keeping ResourceBroker Job Submission ServiceStorageElementComputingElement InformationService Job Status LFCCatalog DataSets info Author. &Authen. Job Submit Event Job Query Job Status Input “sandbox” Input “sandbox” + Broker Info Globus RSL Output “sandbox” Job Status Publish voms-proxy-init Expanded JDL SE & CE info

10. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 10 Grid Foundation: Security Authentication based on X.509 PKI infrastructure –Certificate Authorities (CA) issue (long lived) certificates identifying individuals (much like a passport)  Commonly used in web browsers to authenticate to sites –Trust between CAs and sites is established (offline) –In order to reduce vulnerability, on the Grid user identification is done by using (short lived) proxies of their certificates Proxies can –Be delegated to a service such that it can act on the user’s behalf –Include additional attributes (like VO information via the VO Membership Service VOMS) –Be stored in an external proxy store (MyProxy) –Be renewed (in case they are about to expire)

11. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 11 AuthN and AuthZ: pre-VOMS Authentication –User receives certificate signed by CA –Connects to “UI” by ssh –Downloads certificate –Single logon to Grid – create proxy - then Grid Security Infrastructure identifies user to other machines Authorisation –User joins Virtual Organisation –VO negotiates access to Grid nodes and resources –Authorisation tested by CE –gridmapfile maps user to local account UI AUP VO mgr Personal/once VO database grid-mapfiles on Grid services GSI VO service Daily update CA 1. 3. 2. CA: Certif. Authority AUP: Acceptable Use Policy

12. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 12 Evolution of VO management Before VOMS User is authorised as a member of a single VO All VO members have same rights Gridmapfiles are updated by VO management software: map the user’s DN to a local account grid-proxy-init – derives proxy from certificate – the “single sign-on to the grid” VOMS User can be in multiple VOs –Aggregate rights VO can have groups –Different rights for each  Different groups of experimentalists  … –Nested groups VO has roles –Assigned to specific purposes  E,g. system admin  When assume this role Proxy certificate carries the additional attributes voms-proxy-init

13. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 13 Grid foundation: Information Systems Generic Information Provider (GIP) –Provides LDIF information about a grid service in accordance to the GLUE Schema BDII: Information system in gLite 3.0 (by LCG) –LDAP database that is updated by a process –More than one DBs is used separate read and write –A port forwarder is used internally to select the correct DB 2171 LDAP 2172 LDAP 2173 LDAP 2170 Port Fwd Update DB & Modify DB 2170 Port Fwd Swap DBs GIP Provider Config File LDIF File Plugin Cache LDIF: LDAP Data Interchange Format LDAP: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

14. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 14 Grid foundation: Information Systems R-GMA: provides a uniform method to access and publish distributed information and monitoring data –Used for job and infrastructure monitoring in gLite 3.0 –Working to add authorization Service Discovery: –Provides a standard set of methods for locating Grid services –Currently supports R-GMA, BDII and XML files as backends –Will add local cache of information –Used by some DM and WMS components in gLite 3.0

15. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 15 Grid foundation: Computing Element Three flavours available now:  LCG-CE (GT2 GRAM)  In production now but will be phased-out next year  gLite-CE (GSI-enabled Condor-C)  Already deployed but still needs thorough testing and tuning. Being done now  CREAM (WS-I based interface)  Deployed on the JRA1 preview test-bed. After a first testing phase will be certified and deployed together with the gLite-CE  Our contribution to the OGF-BES group for a standard WS-I based CE interface  CREAM and WMProxy demo at SC06! BLAH is the interface to the local resource manager (via plug-ins) –CREAM and gLite-CE –Information pass-through: pass parameters to the LRMS to help job scheduling WMS, Clients LRMS WN bdII R-GMA CEMon Computing Element glexec + LCAS/ LCMAPS BLAH Grid Site Information System JRA: Joint Research Activity WS-I: Web Services Interoperability CREAM: Computing Resource Execution and Management BES: Basic Execution Service

16. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 16 Grid foundation: Accounting APEL (Accounting Processor for Event Logs) : Uses R-GMA (Relational Grid Monitoring Architecture) to propagate and display job accounting information for infrastructure monitoring –Reads LRMS log files provided by LCG-CE and BLAH –Preparing an update for gLite 3.0 to use the files from BLAH DGAS (Distributed Grid Accounting System): Collects, stores and transfers accounting data. Compliant with privacy requirements –Reads LRMS log files provided by LCG-CE and BLAH. –Stores information in a site database (HLR, Home Location Register) and optionally in a central HLR. Access granted to user, site and VO administrators –Not yet certified in gLite 3.0. Deployment plan:  DGAS is in certification at INFN  It will send records to the GOC via DGAS2APEL

17. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 17 Grid foundation: Storage Element Storage Element –Common interface: SRMv1, migrating to SRM v2.2 –Various implementation from LCG and other external projects  disk-based: DPM, dCache / tape-based: Castor, dCache –Support for ACLs in DPM (in future in Castor and dCache)  After the summer: synchronization of ACLs between SEs –Common rfio library for Castor and DPM being added Posix-like file access: –Grid File Access Layer (GFAL) by LCG  Support for ACL in the SRM layer (currently in DPM only)  Support for SRMv2 being added now –gLite I/O  Support for ACLs from the file catalog and interfaced to Hydra for data encryption  Not certified in gLite 3.0. To be dismissed when all functionalities will be also available in GFAL.

18. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 18 High Level Services: Catalogues File Catalogs –LFC from LCG  In June: interface to POOL.  In the summer: LFC replication and backup. –Hydra: stores keys for data encryption  Being interfaced to GFAL (done by July)  Currently only one instance, but in future there will be 3 instances: at least 2 need to be available for decryption.  Not yet certified in gLite 3.0. Certification will start soon. –AMGA Metadata Catalog: generic metadata catalogue  Joint JRA1-NA4 (ARDA) development. Used mainly by Biomed  Not yet certified in gLite 3.0. Certification will start soon.

19. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 19 High Level Services: File transfer FTS: Reliable, scalable and customizable file transfer –Manages transfers through channels  mono-directional network pipes between two sites –Web service interface –Automatic discovery of services –Support for different user and administrative roles –Adding support for pre-staging and new proxy renewal schema –Support for SRMv2.2, delegation, VOMS-aware proxy renewal in certification

20. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 20 High Level Services: Workload mgmt. WMS helps the user accessing computing resources –Resource brokering, management of job input/output,... LCG-RB: GT2 + Condor-G –To be replaced when the gLite WMS proves to be reliable gLite WMS: Web service (WMProxy) + Condor-G –Management of complex workflows (DAGs) and compound jobs  bulk submission and shared input sandboxes  support for input files on different servers (scattered sandboxes) –Support for shallow resubmission of jobs –Job File Perusal: file peeking during job execution –Supports collection of information from CEMon, BDII, R-GMA and from DLI and StorageIndex data management interfaces –Support for parallel jobs (MPI) when the home dir is not shared –Deployed for the first time in gLite 3.0

21. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 21 WMS/LB/UI and CE New WMS deployed and thoroughly debugged –CMS: 100 collections * 200 jobs/collection, 3 UIs, 33 CEs  ~ 2.5 h to submit jobs 0.5 seconds/job  ~ 17 hours to transfer jobs to a CE 3 seconds/job 26K jobs/day  Negligible failure rate due to WMS –Shallow resubmission  failure rate drops to less than 1% with 3 resubmissions Stability problems –investigating also other deployment scenarios to make it more robust gLite CE still to be tested and optimized ATLAS CMS

22. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 22 High Level Services: Workflows Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG) is a set of jobs where the input, output, or execution of one or more jobs depends on one or more other jobs A Collection is a group of jobs with no dependencies –basically a collection of JDL’s A Parametric job is a job having one or more attributes in the JDL that vary their values according to parameters Using compound jobs it is possible to have one shot submission of a (possibly very large, up to thousands) group of jobs –Submission time reduction  Single call to WMProxy server  Single Authentication and Authorization process  Sharing of files between jobs –Availability of both a single Job ID to manage the group as a whole and an ID for each single job in the group nodeE nodeC nodeA nodeD nodeB

23. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 23 High Level Services: Job Information Logging and Bookkeeping service –Tracks jobs during their lifetime (in terms of events) –LBProxy for fast access –L&B API and CLI to query jobs –Support for “CE reputability ranking“: maintains recent statistics of job failures at CE’s and feeds back to WMS to aid planning Job Provenance: stores long term job information –Supports job rerun –If deployed will also help unloading the L&B –Not yet certified in gLite 3.0.

24. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 24 Highlights: Job Priorities Applications ask for the possibility to diversify the access to fast/slow queues depending on the user role/group inside the VO GPBOX is a tool that provides the possibility to define, store and propagate fine-grained VO policies –based on VOMS groups and roles –enforcement of policies at sites: sites may accept/reject policies –Not yet certified. Certification will start when requested by the TCG. Current activities: test job prioritization without GPBOX: - Map VOMS groups to batch system shares - Publish info on the share in the CE GLUE 1.2 schema (VOView) - WMS match-making depending on submitter VOMS certificate - Settings are not dynamic (via e-mail or CE updates) - GIP available for Torque/Maui only. Working on the LSF one - mainly a deployment issue

25. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 25 Summary gLite 3 is –is the next generation middleware for grid computing –developed according to a well defined process  controlled by the EGEE Technical Coordination Group –deployed on the EGEE production infrastructure  More than 200 sites –development is continuing to provide increased robustness, usability, and functionality  On the preview testbed CREAM, Job Provenance, glexec on the WNs, GPBOX

26. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 26 Part II The EGEE Project

27. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 27 The EGEE project EGEE –1 April 2004 – 31 March 2006 –71 partners in 27 countries, federated in regional Grids EGEE-II –1 April 2006 – 31 March 2008 –91 partners in 32 countries –13 Federations Objectives –Large-scale, production-quality infrastructure for e-Science –Attracting new resources and users from industry as well as science –Improving and maintaining “gLite” Grid middleware US partners in EGEE-II: Univ. Chicago Univ. South. California Univ. Wisconsin RENCI

28. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 28 Infrastructure operation –Currently includes sites across 39 countries –Continuous monitoring of grid services & automated site configuration/management Middleware –Production quality middleware distributed under business friendly open source licence User Support - Managed process from first contact through to production usage –Training –Expertise in grid-enabling applications –Online helpdesk –Networking events (User Forum, Conferences etc.) Interoperability –Expanding geographical reach and interoperability with related infrastructures Main lines of the EGEE project TWGRID KnowARC

29. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 29 Applications on EGEE Applications from an increasing number of domains –Astrophysics –Computational Chemistry –Earth Sciences –Financial Simulation –Fusion –Geophysics –High Energy Physics –Life Sciences –Multimedia –Material Sciences –… Book of abstracts: http://doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/egee/tr/egee-tr-2006-005.pdf http://doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/egee/tr/egee-tr-2006-005.pdf

30. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 30 EU projects related to EGEE EUGRID

31. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI-031688 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007 31 Sustainability: Beyond EGEE-II Need to prepare for permanent Grid infrastructure –Ensure a reliable and adaptive support for all sciences –Independent of short project funding cycles –Infrastructure managed in collaboration with national grid initiatives