1. www.eu-eela.eu E-science grid facility for Europe and Latin America gLite Overview Vanessa Hamar Universidad de Los Andes

2. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 2 Disclaimer This presentation is based on materials provided and authorized by the EGEE project and EELA project. It is freely available to download and use.

3. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 3 Overview Introduction Grid Concepts gLite Architecture by services Architecture by machines Life of Jobs

4. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 4 Introduction gLite is a complex system, composed of various packages installed on different machines, interacting with each other and every of them playing a different role in the chain of the grid activity. It can be deployed and configured in extremely variable number of ways, because of its modularity and scalability, and it relies as last part of its chain on Local Batch System such as PBS/TORQUE-MAUI, LSF and Condor.

5. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 5 Grid Concepts Computational Resources: machines where an user can execute a program (“job”), store or retrieve files, wherever these resources are locate all around the world. The Job: is a computational task (an executable, a script) that the user wants to be executed in the Grid, having finally the results back on it's machine. Job Submission: is the act of delegating the Grid to find fitting computational resources allover the world and to execute the job.

6. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 6 Grid Concepts Grid Middleware – Layer between user applications and grid resources.

7. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 7 Grid Concepts VOs:Individuals and/or Institutions having direct access to resources. User Interface Grid services

8. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 8 Grid Concepts Grid Sistems & Applications aim is to: –Integrate –Virtualise –Manage Resources and services across different VOs.

9. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 9 Multi-VOs Users join VOs Virtual organisation contributes resources & negotiates access Grid middleware runs on each resource –“Storage elements” –“Compute elements” Additional services (both people and grid middleware) enable the grid Effect: collaboration INTERNET

10. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 10 Grid Requirements Heterogeneous VO Resource Sharing Resource Utilization Job Execution Data Services Security Administrative Costs Scalability Availability Specific Requeriments

11. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 11 gLite gLite is the next generation middleware for grid computing. Born from the collaborative efforts from academic and industrial research centers as part of the EGEE Project. The gLite Grid services follow a Service Oriented Architecture –facilitate interoperability among Grid services –allow easier compliance with upcoming standards Architecture is not bound to specific implementations –services are expected to work together –services can be deployed and used independently The gLite service decomposition has been largely influenced by the work performed in the LCG project

12. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 12 Building on GSI Build on Grid Security Infrastructure to create services that include: –Job submission: run a job on a remote computer –Information services: So I know which computer to use –File transfer: so large data files can be transferred –Replica management: so I can have multiple versions of a file “close” to the computers where I want to run jobs Production grids are (currently) based on the Globus Toolkit release 2 Globus Alliance: http://www.globus.org/

13. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 13 gLite - Middleware Many VOs need sharing of resources through services –Accessing –Allocating –Monitoring –Accounting gLite – Lightweight Middleware for Grid Computing

14. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 14 gLite – Service Decomposition 5 High level services + CLI & API

15. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 15 gLite – Security Services

16. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 16 gLite – Security Services Authentication Authentication based on X.509 PKI infrastructure Certificate Authorities (CA) issue (long lived) certificates identifying individuals (much like a passport) Commonly used in web browsers to authenticate to sites Trust between CAs and sites is established (offline) In order to reduce vulnerability, on the Grid user identification is done by using (short lived) proxies of their certificates Proxies can Be delegated to a service such that it can act on the user’s behalf Include additional attributes (like VO information via the VO Membership Service VOMS) Be stored in an external proxy store (MyProxy) Be renewed (in case they are about to expire)

17. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 17 gLite – Security Services Authentication - Authorization Authentication –User receives certificate signed by CA –Connects to “UI” by ssh –Downloads certificate –Single logon to Grid – create proxy - then Grid Security Infrastructure identifies user to other machines Authorisation –User joins Virtual Organisation –VO negotiates access to Grid nodes and resources –Authorisation tested by CE –gridmapfile maps user to local account UI AUP VO mgr Personal/once VO database GSI VO service 3. 2.

18. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 18 gLite – Security Services Auditing, Delegation, Sandboxing Auditing - Monitoring and Post-Mortem analysis of security related events. In computational grids It goes hand by hand with the accounting. Who did what? Where and when? Delegation: The need of delegate privileges to other entities is done by Proxy Certificates. This is the most widely adopted mechanism by Grid communities. (Also: Single Sign-On, Dynamic entity identification). Sandboxing - Grid applications need the isolation of assigned resources in a transparent fashion by Security services: AuthN and AuthZ. (Virtualisation).

19. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 19 gLite – Grid Access Two possibilities: APIs and CLI. The use of web-services allows the automatic generation of APIs.

20. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 20 gLite – Information and Monitoring Services Information services are vital low level component of Grids.

21. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 21 gLite – Information and Monitoring Services Basic info and monitoring services (RGMA) Information is provided by a Publish and Consume mechanism. Appearance of a single federated database to query through the SQL. Each VO has a VDB. Schema - Contains tables (GLUE) Registry – List of available sources of information (Mediation) Producers – Source of information (Primary, Secondary, On-demand) Consumers – Make queries against tables (Continuous, Latest, History)

22. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 22 gLite – Information and Monitoring Services Job Monitoring, Service Discovery, Network performance Monitoring Job Monitoring – Java logging service, log4j, Apache/Chainsaw (for other languages). Service Discovery – Locates suitable services to both users and services. Network Performance Monitoring – Many network monitoring frameworks. Aim: perform a standard interface to those frameworks.

23. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 23 gLite – Job Management Services

24. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 24 gLite – Job Management Services Accounting Accumulates information about the resource usage done by users or groups of users (VOs). Information on Grid Services/Resources needs sensors (Resource Metering, Metering Abstraction Layer, Usage Records). Records are collected by the Accounting System (Queries: Users, Groups, Resource) Grid services should register themselves with a pricing service when accounting for billing purposes.

25. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 25 gLite – Job Management Services Computing Element Service that represent the computing resource that is responsible of the job management: (submission, control, etc.) CEs refer to a set or a cluster of computational resources (WN) managed by LRMS, to dispatch jobs matching users requests. Two job submission models (accordingly to user requests and site policies) : PUSH(jobs pushed to CE queue), PULL(jobs coming from WMS when CE queue is empty) CE responsible to collect accounting information.

26. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 26 Computing Element (CE) Works in push or pull mode Site policy enforcement CEA … Computing Element Acceptance JC … Job Controller MON … Monitoring LRMS … Local Resource Management System

27. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 27 gLite – Job Management Services Workload Management WMS set of middleware components responsible of distribution and management of jobs across Grid resources. Two core components of WMS: WM: accept and satisfy requests for job management. Matchmaking is the process of assigning the best available resource. L&B: keep track of job execution in term of events: (Submitted, Running, Done,...)

28. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 28 gLite – Job Management Services Job Provenance, Package Manager Job Provenance (JP) - Keeps track of submitted jobs for long periods (months, years). Package Manager – Helper service to automate: installing, configuring, updating and removing of software components. (RPM, dpkg/APT, Portage, …)

29. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 29 gLite – Data Services

30. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 30 gLite – Data Services Storage Element Needed Service are at least: Storage back-end (Drivers and Hardware) SRM Interface (Storage Specific) Transfer service (GridFTP) Native POSIX like file I/O API (gLite-I/O) Auxiliary Accounting and Logging services

31. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 31 gLite – Data Services Data Movement Data Scheduler (DS) Keep track of user/service transfer requests File Transfer/Placement Sercice (FTS/FPS) Transfer Queue (Table) Transfer Agent (Network)

32. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 32 gLite – Helper Services Configuration and Instrumentation Service – Query service state. Agreement Service – Implements a communication protocol for the SLAs. Bandwidth Allocation & Reservation service (BAR) – Controlling, Balancing and Manage Network flows.

33. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 33 VOMS Virtual Organization Membership Service –Multiple VOs –Multiple roles in VO  Compatible X509 extensions  Signed by VOMS server –Web admin interface –Supports MyProxy –Resources providers grant access to VOs or roles –Sites map VO members/roles to local auth mechanism (unix users accounts)  Allows for local policy

34. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 34 MyProxy –Allows longer lived jobs / increases security  WMS renews proxy  Users should not produce long lives proxies –Allows for secure user mobility  Users does not need to copy globus-keys around

35. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 35 Architecture User Interface (UI) Workload management system (WMS) Logging and bookkeeping service (LB) Virtual Organization Management service (VOMS) Information system (BDII, RGMA?), monitoring (MON) Computing element (CE) and worker nodes (WN) Storage element (SE) and File catalogue (LFC)

36. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 36 Components The User Interface (UI) is the package on the user's machine. It is the submission entry point of the system, and it is considered a part of the WMS. The Workload Management System (WMS) is a sum of components whose task is matching the resources requested by the user's job with the ones available on the Computing Elements, in order to find the machine where the job will be executed The Computing element (CE)is the entry point in the Local Batch Systems of the resources. It can be an executing machine itself or simply the entry point for the local cluster managed by a batch system (PBS,LSF, CONDOR) The Worker Nodes are the machines on which the job is actually executed. They are linked with the CE through a local batch system, to which at last the jobs are submitted

37. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 37 Components The Information System and Monitoring (IS and MON), which keep data about resources available and the status of the system The Logging and bookkeeping service (LB), that keeps rack of the events which happen to the jobs (and can be very useful to us bench makers!!) The Virtual Organization Management service (VOMS), for Authentication and Authorization. The Storage element (SE) and File catalogue (LFC), to manage big file transfer or make easier the availability of files jobs need.

38. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 38 Life of a Job

39. www.eu-eela.eu Ambientes y Herramientas para la e-Investigación. Mérida, 23.06.2008 39 Questions