1. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 1 Ambient Networks Die Weiterentwicklung mobiler Netztechnik nach UMTS Andreas Schieder Ericsson Research This presentation has been produced in the context of the Ambient Networks Project. The Ambient Networks Project is part of the European Community's Sixth Framework Program for research and is as such funded by the European Commission. All information in this presentation is provided "as is" and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and liability. For the avoidance of all doubts, the European Commission has no liability in respect of this presentation, which is merely representing the authors view.

2. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 2 Outline  AN architecture and basic concepts  Network Composition  Multi-Radio Access  Media Delivery  Dissemination and outlook to phase 2

3. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 3 AN architecture and basic concepts

4. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 4 Validation Reconfigurability Quality of Service User requirements WWI Coordination Team WWI Steering Board Resilience Security and trust Operability System architecture Current WWI Integrated Projects Current WWI Cross Issues WINNERE2R Ambient Networks MobiLife WWI organisation in Phase I Source: WWI Chaired by Ambient Networks WWI Collaboration

5. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 5 Ambient Networks project phases

6. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 6 Requirements posed on the AN Architecture 1.Heterogeneous Networks 2.Mobility 3.Composition 4.Security and Privacy 5.Backward Compatibility and Migration 6.Network Robustness and Fault Tolerance 7.Quality of Service 8.Multi-Domain Support 9.Accountability 10.Context Awareness 11.Extensibility of the Network Services Provided 12.Application Innovation and Usability

7. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 7 An Ambient Network and its links to the environment Ambient Connectivity Naming Traffic Engineering Multi-Radio Resource Management Agreement Establishment Context Information Overlay Support Layer Routing Group Information Ambient Network Interface Ambient Service Interface Ambient Resource Interface Ambient Control Space Reference Points

8. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 8 ACS Architecture

9. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 9 The Ambient Connectivity Abstraction Connectivity Abstraction Connectivity Bearer Abstraction Ambient Network A Flow Transit Node Bearer Intermediary Ambient Network B Path Flow Flow Endpoint Link Applications Application Session Application Bearer Endpoint Ambient Network Interface Bearer Endpoint “AN-node” “AN-link” “AN-node”

10. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 10 LD1 (IPv4 Core) LD2LD3 NR2 DNS NR3 AB DHT DNS Nodes have HIP-like Node IDs, self-generated public keys Domains are connected by “NID routers” that route based on destination NIDs At the core, we do not want a global DHT of all nodes. Instead, peer’s core NID router (NR3) is passed in the packets. A small DHT can look up the locator of NR3. End-to-end security is based on NIDs. Locator domains have independent address spaces DNS retrieves Node ID of peer (B), and Node ID of peer’s core router (NR3) Internetworking Architecture

11. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 11 Traits of the Internetworking Concept  Integrates local mobility, end-to-end mobility, and network mobility  Even makes network-based multi-homing possible A A B (a) A A B (b)(c) A B A  Initial handshake (~ HIP) provides an always-on security model; subsequent packets are protected  The handshake also has basic DoS protection  Additionally, nodes can manage their NIDs and NID routers in a Hi3-like manner to provide network-based DoS protection  NIDs can be changed on the fly for privacy reasons, and NID routers provide location privacy

12. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 12 Network Composition

13. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 13 Motivation for Composition  The central concept of Ambient Networks is Composition  Composition is…  a uniform, dynamic procedure for network interworking on the control plane  Uniform procedure  independent of network type and technology  Dynamic procedure  minimize human intervention  Control Plane Interworking regarding  routing, addressing, mobility, QoS, security, charging,..

14. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 14 Composition Use Cases  Types of Composition  Network Integration Involved networks merge into one common network E.g. creation of a PAN  Control Delegation or Control Sharing One AN delegates certain control functions to the other AN 3GPP-WLAN interworking: WLAN delegates authentication, authorization and charging to 3GPP network  Network Interworking Cooperation according to the Composition Agreement but no control delegation E.g. dynamic roaming agreements Increasing control plane cooperation

15. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 15 Composition - Standardization  The Ambient Networks Project established a Study Item “Network Composition” in 3GPP SA1  TR 22.980 „Network composition feasibility study; (Release 7)”  Content  Purpose and benefits of composition  Use cases  Requirement  Composition Process  New functionality in 3GPP networks  Relation to other functionality in evolving 3GPP architecture AIPN,…

16. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 16 Multi-Radio Access

17. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 17 Research Concepts Terminal Access Provider 3G Radio 4G Radio Relaying Network Relaying Terminal 4G Radio WiMAX 3G Radio 4G Radio Multi-radio multi-hop Local Access Provider WLAN Resource sharing with cooperating local access provider Load management and instant mapping of data flows between accesses Access Provider WLAN Resource sharing between cooperating operators Simultaneous/seamless multi-operator access ( )

18. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 18 Dynamic Access Selection Algorithms  Taxonomy of Algorithms Time Scale of Access Selection 1ms 10ms 100ms 1s 10s 1min 1h 1d Slow channel variations (shadowing, slow fading, cell change) Stability of multi-hop routes Fast channel variations (scattering, diffraction, fast fading) Slow load variations (new users / sessions, handover) Fast load variations (interference, data bursts, user handover,...) Type of Access Selection Link Quality Based Access Selection Load Based Access Selection Fast Access SelectionSlow Access Selection

19. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 19 Access Selection Results “Slow” access selection “Fast” access selection Timescale Order of seconds Selection per flow Order of milliseconds Selection per IP-Packet or MAC-PDU Selection based on Averaged Link Quality (“Slow”) Network/Cell load, … Instantaneous link quality (“Fast”) Complexity Moderate Complexity Complex with high monitoring load Drastic changes to legacy link layers Capacity Gains 15%-20% additional capacity gains by considering load (compared to signal strength only) In hotspot scenario up to 50% 15%-60% throughput and spectral efficiency gain Signalling delay decreases performance, especially if delay > timescale of channel variations User Gains 15%-80% average bit-rate gain by considering load 15%-60% user throughput gain with single RAT at a time

20. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 20 Media Delivery

21. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 21 Media Delivery using SSONs  Establishment of Service-Specific Overlay Networks (SSONs) using Bearers  SSONs are independent virtual networks for every media delivery service (or group of services)  SSONs allow dynamically tailoring the network to the specific needs of a service  Why do we need SSONs?  Means to include network-side media processors into end-to-end media delivery path  Control application of media functions (where, how, which costs, etc.)  What do SSONs achieve?  SSONs decouple the configuration of virtual networks from the underlying network  SSONs enable flexible configuration of virtual networks in terms of Topology Addressing Routing QoS

22. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 22 Service Specific Overlay Networks MediaPorts Media Server Media Client Transcoding MP Transcoding / Caching MP Caching MP SSONs enable inclusion of network-side functionalities in end-to-end path!

23. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 23 Transcoding / Caching MP Service Specific Overlay Networks MediaPorts Media Server Media Client Transcoding MP Caching MP SSONs enable inclusion of network-side functionalities in end-to-end path!

24. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 24 Ambient Networks Dissemination and outlook to phase 2

25. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 25 Standardisation  >30 contributions in total  IETF submissions to hip and nsis  several hip submissions for security extensions  Nsis extensions  IEEE 802.21 submissions  Triggering framework submitted  3GPP SI „composition“  Approved at TSG SA Meeting #30, 05 - 07 December 2005, supported by Siemens, Ericsson, Nokia, Vodafone, NTT DoCoMo, NEC

26. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 26 Structure of Work in Phase 2

27. 31 March 2006 FFV2006 - Ambient Networks 27 Thank you for your attention! Questions? www.ambient-networks.org