1. Landfill diversion targets and non-hazardous waste pre-treatment methods Heijo Scharff FEAD Workshop Implementation of the Landfill Directive Budapest, Hungary, 11 May 2007

2. Contents n Diversion targets and strategies n EU situation in 2004 n Dutch situation and costs in 2004 n Best practice example Portugal n Conclusions and recommendations Prevention Reuse Recycling Energy Recovery Incineration Landfill

3. Diversion targets n With 1995 as reference (100% by weight) biodegradable municipal waste to landfill must be reduced to: n 75% in 2006 (2010) n 50% in 2009 (2013) n 35% in 2016 (2020)

4. Diversion strategies n Bring stations: yard waste → composting paper and cardboard → recycling n Separate collection: kitchen waste → fermentation / composting paper and cardboard → recycling n Integral collection:incineration mechanical separation → incineration, (fermentation), composting, (recycling)

5. Management of MSW in 2004

6. Decrease of waste to landfill

7. Dutch situation (2004) n Total waste production: 61 million tonnes n Landfill: 2.6 million tonnes or 4.2% of total waste production n MSW production: 8 million tonnes n Landfill of MSW: 0.1 million tonnes or 1.3% of MSW production

8. Dutch situation (2004) n Netherlands: 16.3 million inhabitants n Total waste management turnover: € 5.7 billion per year n Waste management cost € 349 / capita year or € 93 / tonne n MSW management turnover: € 1.6 billion per year n Average MSW levy € 98 / capita year or € 200 / tonne

9. Dutch situation (2004) n Netherlands Gross Domestic Product: € 28,000 per capita n WHO: 0.5-1.0% of GDP for waste management is affordable n Total cost of waste management: 1.2 % of GDP per capita n Cost of MSW management: 0.35 % of GDP per capita

10. EC: best practice example Portugal n In 2001 in Northern Alentejo 19 municipalities (49%) and water board (51%) formed Valnor waste management company n Regional GDP is approximately € 2,500 per capita per year n 185,000 inhabitants; 7,464 km 2 ; 76,500 tonnes MSW per year n Opened 2 new landfills and closed 22 landfills together n Cost in 2005: € 27.82 per ton or € 11.50 per inhabitant per year

11. Conclusions n It is possible to achieve high recycling rates and low landfill rates n But it takes many years to get there n And it comes at a price, that you need to be able to afford n Solutions differ from country to country n There is not one best solution

12. Recommendations n Implement regulations in line with development of GDP n Start with closing dumps and opening controlled landfills n Gradually introduce economical incentives for recycling n Transform landfills into recycling centres n Only then introduce stricter landfill bans and landfill tax n Thus landfills are the foundation to control waste management

13. Thank you very much for your attention