1. Using Entrepreneurship for social change Dr Shailendra Vyakarnam

2. Entrepreneurship – EU definition Ideas into action (so not just about starting businesses) OK – Entrepreneurship for social change? What social change Where do the ideas come from What do we mean by action?

3. What are the drivers for social change?

4. The drivers for change….Socio-political Berlin Wall Hasselhof China India Migrations Within and into Europe Single Economic system Completely new markets Is there a shift in economic centre of gravity?

5. The pyramid – Humans in a free market view? Empowering growth Just another market

6. What social objectives do we have? Affordable healthcare? Job security Sense of opportunity in local areas Educational infrastructure Other…. Next – looking at action…..

7. Action needs entrepreneurs Nascent Novice Serial Habitual Corporate Social Civic Academic High growth Necessity based Tribal or community

8. Sir Frank Whittle (left) Dr. Hans von Ohain Technology push or market pull….The Jet Engine story Some examples of major societal change through entrepreneurship

9. More examples.. Making a united Europe a reality Transforming lives of the poor Democratising knowledge Creating breakthrough technology enterprises

10. Time and money 78,79 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 ARM ANT CDT ESI Virata nCipher Net Channel Solexa Abcam Adaptive Broadband CSR Element 14 Plastic Logic Tenison Trigenix Arakis C Broadband Teraview Artimi Level 5 Network Nujira Bango Daniolabs Cellcentric Acorn Top Express Raised £161m at start-up Trade exit valuations £1.76 bn IPO valuations £ 1.08 bn Fig 2

11. Until 1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2002 C ambridge University Acorn Hermann Hauser Acquired by Olivetti Olivetti Research Lab Andy Hopper Adaptive Broadband Cambridge Broadband Acquired by American Microwave Acquired by Western Multiplex Corp Andy Hopper Peter Warton IPV (Telemedia Systems) Andy Hopper Virata(ATML) Hermann Hauser Andy Hopper Merged with Globespan Acquired by AT &T RealVNC Virtual Network Computing Level5Network Andy Hopper ANT Alex van Someren Nicko van Someren nCipher Alex van Someren Nicko van Someren Netchannel Hermann Hauser Jack Lang Acquired by NTL ARM Element 14 Stan Boland Simon Knowles Acquired by Broadcom Amadeus Capital Partners Hermann Hauser IQ Bio Hermann Hauser, Chris Keightley Part of DAKO Diagnostics DakoCytomation - Merged with Cytomation Inc CDT Richard Friend Plastic Logic Analysys David Cleevely Cambridge Network David Cleevely Hermann Hauser Alec Broers Cambridge 3G David Cleevely CPS Peter Duffett-Smith Polight Technologies Stephen Elliott Pavel Krecmer ART Daniel Hall Pilgrim Beart ActiveRF Pilgrim Beart Antenova Zeus Technology Adam Twiss David Reeves Cambridge Semiconductor Gehan Amaratunga Florin Udrea Muscat John Snyder Martin Porter Enterprise Accelerator John Snyder Webtop Smartlogik Acquired by Dialog Small World Richard Green Authur Chance Dick Newell CAD Shape Data Charles Lang Acquired by GE Tensails Richard Green VBN online TerraPrise Ubisense Andy Hopper Steve Pope Andy Hopper Andy Ward Pete Steggles Simon Elliott David Cleevely Electronic Share Information Acquired by E* Trade Hermann Hauser Jack Lang Top express Jack Lang Splashpower Lily Chang James Hay Saviso Group Adam Twiss Bryan Amesbury Innovia Collin Ager Garraint Davies Cambridge Interactive Systems Hermann Hauser Mike Muller Tudor Brown Jamie Urquhart Dick Newell, Tom Sancha Stan Boland Simon Knowles Icera Laser-Scan R. O. Frisch M-Spatial Adrian Cuthbert Jon Billing Fig 1 Acorn alumni

12. C ambridge University 1960 1970 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology CAD Centre Sinclair Radionics CCL Barclays Bank 1980 Cambridge Interactive System Cambridge Science Park Acorn PA Technology Eicon Research Ltd Sinclair Research Ltd 1990 Analysys Olivetti Research Laboratory (acquired by AT&T in 1999) Judge Institute of Management Studies St. John Innovation Centre Scientific Generics The Technology Partnership TTP Cambridge Research and Innovation Ltd (CRIL) Institute of Biotechnolog y Cantab Pharmaceuticals Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory Nickerson Biotech Laboratory Glaxo 2000 Toshiba Cambridge Research Laboratory Seiko Epson Research Lab Unilever Cambridge Centre for Molecular Informatics Cambridge Network Institute of Manufacturing Amadeus Capital Partners TTP Ventures Entropic Research Laboratory (acquired by Microsoft in 1999) Glaxo Institute of Applied Pharmacology BP

13. Impact Personal wealth! New technologies – microprocessors; broadband; wireless; OLEDS; and the applications of these to products Spawned a new generation of entrepreneurs (role model effect) Stimulated venture capital Stimulated new forms of Government funding Created interest in Universities – policy implications New IP regime – enabling further technology transfer Global mentality stirred up Encouraged inward investment

14. Entrepreneurs Are good for you

15. Let us go back a moment… Entrepreneurship is about making ideas happen… So we need ideas – for societal change We need Entrepreneurship – or in any case entrepreneurs We need to connect the two concepts How..

16. How to generate ideas? Peter Phillips and Alan Barrell Connections; Curiosity Brainstorming Diversity of people and resources

17. Inspire large numbers What is the risk – is it of failure or of never trying?

18. Priorities – how do we get to them? Open discussions Facilitated Dynamic Mentored Provision of tools and information

19. Need a framework on which we can build When the mind is full of small thoughts where is the space for big ideas

20. Know How Have tried and succeeded Confidence Self belief Intent Building track record Incremental experience To “Learning by Doing” A supportive journey Skills Practise – Networking pitching Building capacity With intent – to make a difference In their chosen field From Ideas to action needs…. Education Finance Institutions Media Government Family Etc., Understand context And personal circumstances

21. Necessary conditions to achieve E 4 S Needs a sense of the positive A “What are you waiting for” attitude Sense of being empowered to act Presence of role models Tolerance of failure Skills, knowledge and networks Practise

22. Actually Entrepreneurship – is a process.. The process requires – –Entrepreneurial Skills –Ability to validate an idea - not just have themAbility to validate an idea –Understand what investors are looking for Acquire and practise skills – –Social; networking; presentation; lobbying; –Communicating the vision; getting buy-in from peers and from senior colleagues

23. Personal attributes Self-belief - in the idea - its ability to make a difference and in ones own conviction of being able to make it happen Perception of risk - is it reputational? Financial? Relational? An opportunity that stimulates the motivation/intention Personal circumstances Entrepreneurial motivation Risk of doing something? – Or risk of never having done anything?

24. Fundamental understanding Entrepreneurial behaviours are “bottom up” They cannot be imposed “top-down” Think big and act fast to make a difference

25. Entrepreneurship action plan Signalling from the top – –with resources Clarify boundaries – what is in and what is out Encourage early – - small victories to get into the habit HR policies –web based rules - transparent Education and training events Broaden out the network Need for diversity - like never before

26. There is much hard work – needs resource Make it a tick box activity of marking companies we like: –Socially relevant –Socially responsible –Socially meaningful.. –Environmentally responsible –Charitable orientation Create a list of what we do not like: –Begging, criminal, smuggling, Drugs, Sex, labour exploitation, protection rackets, –Arms companies –Tobacco companies –Chemicals companies –4WD Car manufacturers –And so on

27. In summary Reflected on social change; entrepreneurship and how to get it stimulated and supported. Hope there are ideas for stimulating a plan for action.. Thank you: s.vyakarnam@jbs.cam.ac.uk Better to seek forgiveness than permission