1. Mark Scheme
You will be awarded grades based on your investigation skills within Geography.
Merits will also be available for the most detailed and colourful powerpoint slides.

2. Investigation skills IN geography
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 6
LEVEL 7
They ask and suggest responses to a range of simple questions
They suggest relevant questions
They ask relevant questions and suggest sequences of enquiry
They identify relevant geographical questions & establish sequences for their investigations
With growing independence they implement effective sequences of questions and select their own methods for investigations
They observe, collect and record information indoors and outdoors
They observe, collect, measure and record relevant data, in and out of doors
They collect, accurately measure and record relevant data from different resources
They select, collect, measure and record relevant data, from a range of sources including fieldwork.
They collect, measure and record accurately more complex data.
They find some answers to their investigation questions
They organise information to present straight forward conclusions to their investigations
They use evidence and draw plausible conclusions from their investigation
They analyse information to provide logical explanations and present conclusions which are consistent with the evidence.
They analyse evidence to construct and justify valid explanations and substantiated conclusions.
Investigation skills IN geography

3. BBC Website Special Report
IMAGES of China earthquake
Video – One Year Anniversary

4. The Sichuan Earthquake, China

5. Details of the Earthquake
On the afternoon of May 12, 2008, a 7.9-magnitude earthquake hit Sichuan Province, a mountainous region in Western China, killing about 70,000 people and leaving over 18,000 missing. Over 15 million people lived in the affected area, including almost 4 million in the city of Chengdu.
Since the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, which killed over 240,000 people, China has required that new structures withstand major quakes. But the collapse of schools, hospitals and factories in several different areas around Sichuan has raised questions about how rigorously such codes have been enforced during China's recent, epic building boom.
This is where the
earthquake happened .

6. Richter Approximate Magnitude Approximate TNT for Seismic Energy Yield
Joule equivalent
Example
5.0
31.6 kilotons
134.4 TJ
Nagasaki atomic bomb (actual seismic yield was negligible since it detonated in the atmosphere)
Lincolnshire earthquake (UK), 2008
5.5
178 kilotons
747.6 TJ
Little Skull Mtn. earthquake (NV, USA), 1992 Alum Rock earthquake (CA, USA), 2007
2008 Chino Hills earthquake (Los Angeles, USA)
6.0
1 megaton
4.18 PJ
Double Spring Flat earthquake (NV, USA), 1994
6.5
5.6 megatons
23.5 PJ
Caracas (Venezuela), 1967
Rhodes (Greece), 2008 Eureka Earthquake (Humboldt County CA, USA), 2010
6.7
11.2 megatons
46.9 PJ
Northridge earthquake (CA, USA), 1994
6.9
22.4 megatons
93.7 PJ
San Francisco Bay Area earthquake (CA, USA), 1989
7.0
31.6 megatons
132.3 PJ
Java earthquake (Indonesia), 2009
2010 Haiti Earthquake
7.1
44.7 megatons
186.9 PJ
Energy released is equivalent to that of Tsar Bomba (50 megatons, 210 PJ), the largest thermonuclear
weapon ever tested 1944 San Juan earthquake
7.5
178 megatons
744.0 PJ
7.8
501 megatons
2.10 EJ
8.0
1 gigaton
4.18 EJ
1894 San Juan earthquake
8.5
5.6 gigatons
23.5 EJ
Toba eruption75,000 years ago; the largest known volcanic event
Sumatra earthquake (Indonesia), 2007
8.8
15.8 gigatons
66.3 EJ
Chile earthquake, 2010
9.0
31.6 gigatons
132.3 EJ
Lisbon Earthquake (Lisbon, Portugal), All Saints Day, 1755
9.2
63.1 gigatons
264.0 EJ
Anchorage earthquake (AK, USA), 1964
9.3
89.1 gigatons
372.9 EJ
Indian Ocean earthquake, 2004
9.5
178 gigatons
744.0 EJ
Valdivia earthquake (Chile), 1960
10.0
1 teraton
4.18 ZJ
Never recorded by humans
13.0
108 megatons
372.9 ZJ
Yucatán Peninsula impact (causing Chicxulub crater) 65 Ma ago (108 megatons = 100 teratons; almost 5x1030 ergs = 500 ZJ)

7. The Causes of the Earthquake
The energy source of the Wenchuan earthquake and Longmenshan's southeast push came from the strike of the Indian Plate onto the Eurasian Plate and its northward push. The inter-plate relative motion caused large scale structural deformation inside the Asian continent, resulting in a thinning crust of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the uplift of its landscape and an eastward extrude. Near the Sichuan basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's east-northward movement meets with strong resistance from the South China Block, causing a high degree of stress accumulation in the Longmenshan thrust formation. This finally caused a sudden dislocation in the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture, leading to the violent earthquake of Ms 8.0." 33
Add map

8. The Social Effects It separate families and friends.
People moved away because they were physiological damaged.
Friends and family died.
No school

9. Physical Effects
The older buildings and smaller residential properties performed far less well - there are large areas in which the structures have collapsed completely. Note the shut up shops on the far side of the tower. In fact, this central part of the settlement has been totally abandoned and is now like a ghost town with just a few people passing through on their way to somewhere else. The newer buildings mostly remained standing but have been so badly damaged that they are not usable. They have been stripped bare and the windows have been removed.

10. Economic Effects
A month before the anniversary, China said it would spend an extra 8 billion yuan ($1.17 billion) on making schools in earthquake-prone areas safer.

11. Human Responses No school , no food.
Friends and family died , no house.

12. Solutions to Earthquakes
Nothing can be done to prevent them as they occur naturally. But their effects can be reduced Emergency Preparedness Plans : There are several preventative measures that people can take within their homes and at the office to reduce risk. Earthquake education and preparedness plans can help significantly reduce death and injury caused by earthquakes. People can take several preventative measures within their homes and at the office to reduce risk. Supports and bracing for shelves reduce the likelihood of items falling and potentially causing harm. Maintaining an earthquake survival kit in the home and at the office is also an important part of being prepared. In the home, earthquake preparedness includes maintaining an earthquake kit and making sure that the house is structurally stable. The local chapter of the American Red Cross is a good source of information for how to assemble an earthquake kit. During an earthquake, people indoors should protect themselves from falling objects and flying glass by taking refuge under a heavy table. After an earthquake, people should move outside of buildings, assemble in open spaces, and prepare themselves for aftershocks. They should also listen for emergency bulletins on the radio, stay out of severely damaged buildings, and avoid coastal areas in the event of a tsunami.

13. Other Interesting Info regarding Earthquakes
The most recent earthquake was in Indonesia, 24 april 2010
The most powerful earthquake was in Yucatán Peninsula
The most devestating earthquake of all time was in chile in china
Earthquakes in Lincolnshire earthquake (UK), 2008
When an earthquake happens it is cause on plates moving, so some parts on the sea have that same plate and it allows energy to go thought the water and it will create a tsunami, it will either die down, or it will hit land.

14. Useful Weblinks Seismic Scale Earthquake Locator
Most Recent Earthquake Locations
Chile Earthquake
Why do earthquakes happen?

15. Games to finish!
Click on the links below to try your hand at protecting San Francisco from an earthquake:
New Bridge Bay
Build an earthquake proof city
Earthquake Interactive Activity
Quake Quiz
Emergency!