1. Deputy General Director General Directorate of Civil Defence
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
IN TURKEY
Ahmet Hamdi USTA
Deputy General Director
General Directorate of Civil Defence
TURKEY

2. Presentation Plan I. Introduction
II Legal Framework for Disaster Management System
III. Main Responsible Bodies for Disasters and Other Emergencies
IV The Present Crisis Management System
V The Organisation of the Civil Defence General Directorate
VI The Civil Defence College
VII. The Re-structuring Works
VIII. Professional Search and Rescue Teams
IX. Volunteer Guidance and Cooperation Procedure.
X. Possibilities for cooperation with the EU and EU Member States

3. I. Introduction Earthquakes, landsllides, floods
avalanches, rock-fall, fires
Industrial hazards, NBCR threats, accidents, environmental pollution
92% of our country is under the risk of earthquake,
North Anatolian Fault Zone,
East Anatolian Fault Zone,
South-Aegean Graben System,
East Anatolian Overlap.

4. Legal Framework for Disaster Management System
Law on Civil Defence (1958)
Law on Measures Regarding Disasters (1959)
Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center Regulations (1997)
Decree on Mandatory Earthquake Insurance (2000)
Guidance on Participation of Volunteers in Civil Protection Services (2000)
Decree Establishing the Prime Ministry Emergency Management General Directorate (2000)
Regulations on the Establishment, Responsibilities, Operational Principles and Fundamentals of Civil Protection Search and Rescue Units (2000)
Regulations on Construction in Natural Disaster Prone Areas (2002)

5. III– Main Responsible Bodies For Disasters and
Other Emergencies in Center
A- General Directorate of Turkish Emergency Management
(Prime Ministry)
B- General Directorate of Civil Defence (Ministry of Interior)
C- General Directorate of Disaster Affairs (Ministry of Settlement and Public Works)
D- Turkish Red Crescent Society

6. Emergency Management General Directorate of Prime Ministry
It has been established after the major earthquakes of August 17th and November 12th of 1999.
Tasks:
I. Establish and coordinate emergency management centers in government departments and agencies
II. Monitor and evaluate implementation of measures and preparation of short- & long-term plans
III. Coordinate the utilization of all types of land, sea and air transport vehicles and rescue/relief equipment

7. General Directorate of Civil Defence
The General Directorate of Civil Defence was established within the Ministry of Interior as an one of the main units.
Tasks:
I. Fulfill civil defence functions through provincial and district Civil Defence Directorates & civil defence experts within public & private institutions
II. Set up civil protection and defence services nationwide and to ensure the planning, implementation, coordination and supervision of measures in government and private establishments
Plan and implement all activities for non-armed protection, emergency assistance and first aid
Set standards for fire departments, educate their staff, supervise and coordinate them for fire protection and prevention
Train civil defence personnel and create public awareness

8. General Directorate of Disaster Relief Affairs
This organisation goes on its function under the frame of the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement.
Tasks:
I. Implement & coordinate emergency relief operations after disasters
II. Implement short- & long-term measures for immediate temporary sheltering
III. Determine disaster prone areas and take necessary mitigation measures
IV. Determine and ensure implementation of all measures and principles to ensure minimum loss of life and assets in disaster prone areas

9. Turkish Red Crescent Organisation (NGO)
In cooperation with the relevant Institutions this non-govermental institution can be counted down as follows:
I. Organizes humanitarian relief (food, clothes, blankets, tents etc.) and provides temporary accommodation and other urgent needs of victims
II. Assists in the delivery of national and international assistance (including medical teams & equipment, blood/blood products and their storage & distribution)

10. IV-The Present Crisis Management System
A) Central Crisis Management
a) Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center
Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center was established in 1997 to show activity during the crisis time.
The centre is combined ministers and all chief representatives of relevant ministries and it is responsible for directing all preparations and activities needed to prevent, mitigate, and stop all issues that arise during crisis for national interests.
For the implementation of services and activities needed, it ensures all coordination, cooperation and common activity among the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces, relevant ministries and other associated institutions in order to minimize the negative consequences of the crisis.

11. Prime ministry crisis management center consists of the following sections. These are ;
The crisis coordination council,
The crisis evaluation and follow – up council,
The secretariat.

12. General Staff of Turkish Armed Forces Ministry of Health
Prime Ministry or Related Ministry of State
General Staff of Turkish Armed Forces
Ministry of Health
Ministry of State
Ministry of Transportation
Ministry of Justice
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Social Security and Work
Ministry of Interior
Ministry of Industry and Trade
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Energy and Natural Sources
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Environment and Forest
Ministry of Education
General Secretariat of National Security Council
Ministry of Public Works and Settlement

13. b) Crisis Management Centers of Related Ministries
Crisis Centers of the Ministries, Public Institutions, and Organizations are also established with the leadership of the senior-level staff. Centers are responsible for coordination, implementation and administration of the operational tasks of the relevant ministries, public institutions, and organizations.

14. B) Provincial Crisis Management
The Governor, who is the general administrator of the province is also the head of the Provincial Crisis Management. He is responsible for all the activities during any type of disasters and crisis.
He is representatives of the government in the provinces or districts. In the name of government he can coll for all the public and private enterprises and military units if needed.

15. B- Provincial Crisis Management Center
Governor or Deputy Governor
Commander of Garrison
Director of Healthy
Mayor
Director of Agriculture
Commander of Gendarme
Director of Environment and Forest
Police Chief
Director of Rural Affairs
Director of Civil Defense
Director of Electricity Corporation
Director of Finance
Director of Water Supplies
Director of Education
Director of Telecommunication
Director of Public Works and Settlement
Director of Highway

16. THE PRESENT EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CHART
PRIME MINISTRY
General Directorate of Emergency Management
National & International Sources
Regional Crisis Management Center
Crisis Area
Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center
Crisis Centers at
Regional Directorates
of Ministries
Lower Units of Regional Directorates
Provincial Garrison Commands
Town Garrison Commands
Relevant Ministries and General Staff HQ

17. V- The Organisation of the General Directorate of Civil Defence
The General Directorate of Civil Defence is one of the main units of the Ministry of Interior. It functions according to act 7126 passed in 1959.
The Ministry of Interior in Turkey is responsible of the realization of civil defence services. The General Directorate of Civil Defence has been carrying out these services under the authority of the Ministry of Interior.
The Turkish Civil Defence Organisation is a civilian establishment that performs the duties of search and rescue, first aid and other moral services behind the front.

18. ORGANISATION OF GDCD GDCD consists of Central Organisation
Provincial Organisation

19. CENTRAL ORGANISATION GENERAL DIRECTOR DEPUTIES OF GENERAL DIRECTOR
Planning and
Assessment
Committee
GENERAL DIRECTOR
DEPUTIES OF
GENERAL DIRECTOR
SEARCH, RESCUE
AND OPERATION
DIVISION
PLANNING AND
TECHNICAL DIVISION
ORGANISATION AND
EDUCATION DIVISION
EQUIPMEND AND
FINANCIAL DIVISION
DEFENSE
SECRETARY
DIVISION
DISASTER AND FIRE
AFFAIRS SECTION
PLANNING AND
COORDINATION
SECTION
ORGANISATION AND
EDUCATION
SECTION
FUND
SECTION
DEFENSE
SECTION
PERSONNEL
SECTION
BUDGET
SECTION
MOBILISATION
SECTION
OPERATION AND
UNITS SECTION
WARNING AND
DETECTION SECTION
PUBLICATION AND
PROMOTION
SECTION
EQUIPMENT AND
FINANCIAL SECTION
PROTECTIVE SECURITY
SECTION
PROCESSING AND
COMMUNICATION
SECTION
TECHNICAL
SECTION
LEGISLATION AND
INSPECTION SECTION
ADMINISTRATION
SERVICES SECTION
NATO AND FOREIGN
AFFAIRS SECTION
CIVIL DEFENSE
COLLEGE

20. PROVINCIAL ORGANISATION
Republic of Turkey
Ministry of Interior
PROVINCIAL ORGANISATION
GOVERNOR OF PROVINCE
PROTECTION
GUIDANCE
CIVIL DEFENSE
SERVICES
CIVIL DEFENCE
ASSISTANT SERVICES
ADANA
AFYON
ANKARA
BURSA
DİYARBAKIR
ERZURUM
İSTANBUL
İZMİR
SAKARYA
SAMSUN
VAN
LOCAL FORCES
Emergency Rescue
And Relief Teams
Province and District Civil
Defence Organisation and
Protection Guidance
Civil Defense Organizations
Of Public and Private Bodies
And Institutions
DIRECTORATES
DISTRICT
Civil Defense Search
And Rescue Teams
DIRECTORATES OF
PROVINCIAL CIVIL
DEFENSE
CIVIL DEFENSE
SEARCH AND RESCUE UNITS

21. VI- Civil Defence College
Established in1960 in Ankara
Only education and training institution which provides specialized training
Trains the civil defence staff, fire fighter trainers and general population trainers
The main training fields are: civil defence, NBC, search and rescue, fire disaster risks and protection methods, planning of mobilization and war situation

22. VII-The Re-structuring Works
Disaster Response Before 1999 Earthquakes
The disasters were responded by:
a) provincial emergency assistance and rescue teams
b) limited personnel dispatched from the HQ of Ministry
c) the conscripts who were called for duty by the provincial governors if deemed necessary

23. Dead : 18.243 Injured : 48.900 Collepse building: 377.879
Lessons Learned
Dead : Injured : Collepse building:
The number of the provincial teams were insufficient,
The conscripts coming from other provinces were not able to gather on time, were reluctant, were not in sufficient numbers and lacked technical support ,
The conscripts in the disaster area became victims themselves,
The participation of volunteers to the civil defence services were insufficient.
Therefore, the system didn’t work well.
The affecting huge areas and striking the most richest region of Turkey as economically the Marmara Earthquake has showed the lack of the existence structure and so the necessity of the restructuring.

24. These experiences gained indicated that response to disasters requires:
Properly equipped and trained professional teams
Planned and coordinated cooperation with volunteer teams
Preparedness for initial response at community level
d) Increase number of units & technical assets
e) Increase speed of mobilization and movement of units from outside the area
It proved that the activities of search and rescue in disasters have to be performed by the professional equipped teams.

25. VIII. Professional Search and Rescue Units and Teams
The various changes were done by different regulations. Units and teams were established According to Act 586 in 1999.
Civil Defense Search and Rescue units were built in 11 Province and each units is responsible between – 10 provinces in their area in 2001.
Other Civil Defense Search and Rescue teams 10 – 30 technicians in 70 Provinces were established as well.
Each unit consists of 120 search and rescue technicians.

26. Civil Defence Search and Rescue Unit Campuses
Headquarters (Offices and social facilities),
Maintenance facilities,
Stores and fitness centre,
The training centre for dogs,
Field training and tribune,
Rescue pool,
Helicopter port,
Fuel station,
Trafo and generator building.

27. Training Facilities and Activities
Simulation centre with 3-D shaking table
Fire training centre for fire fighters
Rubble training field for SAR personnel and volunteers
Search dog trainings
Trainings to officers from governmental organisations, NGOs and students

28. FIRE TOWER and FULL DAMAGED and COLLAPSED BUILDING
SIMULATION CENTER
3-D SHAKING TABLE
Simulation center for 120 persons was built in Ankara in That can be moved three-dimension and will be able to test the earthquakes in the variety magnitude.

29. IX- Volunteer Guidance and Cooperation Procedure
Following 1999 earthquakes the sensitivity of Turkish society has increased dramatically and more than 100 SAR teams were established by volunteer groups nationwide.
Thousands of citizens applied to be trained as responders by the Civil Defense.
“The Guidance relating Procedures of the Participating in the Civil Defence Services of Volunteers” were put into effect in May 2000
The aim of this Guidance is to enable and regulate the participation of volunteer citizens and citizen groups into civil defense services, It defines and regulates the mutual responsibilities of volunteers and the Civil Defence organisation.

30. Voluntary organisations that participate in the civil defence services should sign the protocol;
With General Directorate of Civil Defence if they have been organised more than one province,
With the Directorates of Province Civil Defence, if they have been organised in one province,
With the Directorates of District Civil Defence, if they have been organised in one district.

31. Number of organisations joined at nationwide level : 17
Number of organisations joined at provincial levels : 94

32. Training subjects in this Guidance are:
Search and Rescue, First aid.
Social assistance
Using the light rescue equipments
Fire extinguishing
Removing the debris
NBC determination and decontamination
Working in the field by participating in the exercises
Training of search dogs

33. Working Together with The Volunteer Organisations
Common activities with volunteer organisations are as follows;
Turkey Abroad
I Afyon-Dinar Earthquake I El Salvador
II Adana-Ceyhan Earthquake II India
III Marmara Earthquake III Algeria
IV Bolu-Düzce Earthquake IV Iran
V Afyon-Sultandağ Earthquake V Pakistan
VI Bingöl Earthquake
Mobilisation and deployment of volunteers to disaster areas are coordinated by local civil defence organisations
It is a rule of this Guidance that volunteer organisations should work with the cooperation of the Civil Defence Professionals while working together.

34. X. POSSIBILITIES FOR COOPERATION WITH THE EU AND EU MEMBER COUNTRIES
Existing Relations;
General Directorate of Civil Defence of Ministry of Interior is a focal point for MIC. Since 2000, It has participated in the meetings of General Directors of EU, EEA and Candidate Countries. Our Ministry consider to sign MoU with EU to join Civil Protection Mechanism.

35. Our Organisation takes part in the Steering Committee of EUROMED Bridge Programme. Representatives of our organisation and other related institutions have actively participated in self-training workshops, exchange of experts programmes and exercises organised within this Project.
In this framework of this Project, GDCD organised a workshop on “Urban Risk Management” in İstanbul in Also we will host “the Second Meeting Directors of National Civil Protection/ Civil Defence School” to be held in İstanbul on March, 17-18, 2008.

36. GDCC joined in the Project on “Promotion of volunteer in civil protection in the EU Member States and EEA Countries on the basis of the recommendation of common standars” carried out by THW. It is also taking part at the moment in the Project on “Assessment manual of best practices in various types of emergencies” carried out THW and French Civil Defence and Security Directorate.
Turkey and Greece signed the Protocol on The Formation of a Joint Hellenic-Turkish Standby Disaster Response Unit to improve cooperation and response to disaster jointly. In order to implement this Protocol a joint exercise was conducted successfuly in Ankara in December 2006.

37. Cooperation Areas for the future;
Turkey has much experiences with natural disasters. Lessons learned showed that disaster management can only be achieved by strong institutional structuring, early warning systems, knowledge sharing, improving of operational capacity, risk reduction efforts and enhancing the educational and awareness capacity.

38. Turkey has reviewed and renewed her understanding of civil protection
Turkey has reviewed and renewed her understanding of civil protection. Because our organisation intends to join EU Civil Protection Mechanism and aims at increasing its capacity to higher level, it opens especially the following cooperation areas:
Early Warning
Information exchange on EU civil protection arrangements and activities
Participation in EU projects and other activities (administrative and financial procedures-how to prepare and run/participate a Project or other activities
Operational capacity (receiving international assistance, participation in international civil protection interventions

39. Deputy General Director General Directorate of Civil Defence
THANKS
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Presented by
Ahmet Hamdi USTA
Deputy General Director
General Directorate of Civil Defence
TURKEY