1. Communism and Socialism

2. Definition of Socialism
According to Merriam-Webster, Socialism is…
Government ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods
A system of society or group living in which there is not private property
A system or condition of society in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state

3. Socialism is an economic and political system that places more value on common property than on private property.
Socialism was a reaction to the social consequences of the Industrial Revolution of the 19th Century and the economic liberalism that accompanied that period.

4. Pros and Cons of Socialism
All members share benefits
Those who cannot contribute may still participate (disabled, elderly)
Each member’s survival needs are met
Equal distribution of wealth
No socioeconomic classes
Cons
No incentive to work harder
No competition means no reward to be innovative
New members to the community (immigrants) are seen as competition for limited goods and services
Higher taxes

5. This is his good friend, Frederick Engels.
What is Communism?
This is Karl Marx, the ‘Father of Communism’. People who believe in his ideas are called ‘Marxists’
German political thinker in 19th century.
Did most of his work in Britain.
Influenced by German philosopher Hegel.
Published Communist Manifesto in 1848 with co-author Frederick Engels.
Wrote multi-volume Capital (Das Kapital), starting in 1867.
This is his good friend, Frederick Engels.

6. Karl Marx’s Ideas
   
Economic systems go through historical cycles. Over time, and economic system becomes rigid and can’t adjust to new technologies, so a new system emerges; with new class relations and oppression.
Someday a perfect classless society will emerge and then there will be no further classes.

7. Marx’s key ideas 1. Slave system gave way to feudal economy
2. Feudal economy broke down with growth of manufacturing, towns, navigation & transportation, emergence of middle class
3. Industrial capitalism emerged, with only two classes: proletariat and bourgeoisie.  

8. Marx’s Key Ideas for Communism
View of History- all history has been a class struggle
Labor Theory of Value- no competition. Value of an item is set by the amount of labor.
Nature of the State- gov’t is a tool for oppression and religion drives that. Rejects this idea
4. Dictatorship of the Proletariat- once everyone agreed with idea of a “classless society” the gov’t would wither away.

9. The Steps to Communism Communism Socialism Capitalism Feudalism
Primitive
Communism

10. Transition to Communism
The capitalists get more power to serve their own interests.
The business owners or capitalists get richer while the workers do all the hard work.
Capitalism
Feudalism
Capitalism creates a huge working-class of people who soon get angry at the way they are treated. They organise in unions and demand changes. This will lead to a revolution and Socialism…

11. Transition to Communism
Because nothing is made for profit, all people benefit from education and health.
The workers take control of the country to produce things for everyone.
Socialism
Capitalism
These ideas spread across the world to create Communism….
In the Socialist revolution all the rulers – kings, churches, capitalists are got rid of.

12. Transition to Communism
The remaining capitalists put up a bitter fight, but the will of the people will always win.
Communism
Socialism
All human activity goes towards benefiting each other – allowing all to live their lives to the full.
As everyone now works together, war is a thing of the past – armies are not needed. Sharing means no police are needed. Everything is provided by the people – so money becomes a thing of the past.

13. Socialism is different than Communism
Transitory phase between capitalism and communism
Some elements of Capitalism remain
Communism
Classless society in which all live by working and not by owning
State is nonexistent
Wage system is abolished

16. Guide to Political Ideologies according to the cow.
Socialism: You have two cows. The government takes one of your cows and gives it to your neighbor. You're both forced to join a cooperative where you have to teach your neighbor how to take care of his cow.
Pure Communism: You have two cows. Your neighbor helps you take care of them and you all share the milk.
Applied Communism: You have two cows. You have to take care of them but the government takes all the milk.
Representative Democracy: You have two cows. Your neighbors pick someone to tell you who gets the milk.