1. Turfgrass

2. Uneven fertilization Fertilizer injury Management Problems

3. Dog urine Drought

4. Bird damage Dull mower blade

5. Insect Problems

6. Sod Webworm CT: 150-500 per square foot 1 year life cycle (1 to 3 generations) Control: beneficial nematodes (Scanmask) Sevin, Spinosad, Merit, MACH 2, Tempo Bacillus thuringiensis (BT)

7. Billbug CT: 30 – 50 per square ft One year life cycle Control: beneficial nematodes Sevin, Diazinon, MACH 2 (for larvae) Merit

8. Black Turfgrass Ataenius Life cycle: one to two generations per year CT: 8 - 20 per square foot Control: beneficial nematodes (Scanmask or Cruiser) Sevin, Merit, MACH 2, Bt

9. May/June Beetle CT: 3-4 per square foot Life cycle: 1 to 4 years Control: Sevin, Merit, MACH 2 nemotodes (Scanmask, Cruiser), Bt

10. Disease Problems

11. Pink Snow Mold (Fusarium nivalis) Avoid heavy fall fertilization Avoid heavy snow accumulation when shoveling snow Apply fungicides to affected areas in fall and early spring

12. Gray Snow Mold (Typhuyla sp.) Avoid heavy snow accumulation when shoveling snow Spread snow or apply black fly ash or graphite Apply fungicides to affected areas in late fall

13. Melting out (Helminthosporium sp.) Aerate to reduce thatch in early spring Avoid single heavy nitrogen application in spring Water deeply and infrequently

14. Necrotic Ring Spot (Leptosphaeria korrae) Aerate to reduce thatch in early spring Nitrogen fertilizer applied frequently at low rates Deep, infrequent water Mow 2.5 to 3 inches Replant with resistant varieties

15. Summer Patch (Magnaporthe graminicola) Aerate to reduce thatch in early spring Nitrogen fertilizer applied frequently at low rates Deep, infrequent water Mow 2.5 to 3 inches Replant with resistant varieties

16. Fairy Ring (Basidiomycete sp.) Fertilize adequately to mask effects of disease Aerate to improve water penetration in rings Prostar fungicide provides suppression

17. Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis) Don’t plant in heavy shade, or use shade varieties Water deeply and infrequently Apply fungicides where there’s a history of mildew

18. Weed Problems

19. Black medic (Medicago lupulina) Apply postemergence broadleaf herbicides during periods of active growth from late spring through early summer and again from early through mid-autumn (dicamba, triclopyr) Hand pull

20. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Apply postemergence broadleaf herbicides from early through mid-autumn (all broadleaf herbicides) Hand dig, include complete root

21. Knotweed (Polygonum supina) Apply postemergencebroadleaf herbicides in spring (dicamba, triclopyr), pre-emergent herbicides when forsythia bloom Hand pull

22. Prostrate spurge (Euphorbia spp.) Apply postemergencebroadleaf herbicides in spring (triclopyr), pre-emergent herbicides when forsythia bloom Hand pull

23. White Clover (Trifolium repens) Apply postemergencebroadleaf herbicides in mid- spring to early summer and/or mid to late fall when actively growing (dicamba, triclopyr) Maintain turf density and health through proper culture. Do not fertilize heavily with phosphorus.

24. Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Maintain turf density and health through proper culture, avoid seeding in fall; hoe or hand pull Apply postemergence herbicides from mid through late spring and again from mid to late autumn. Preemergence herbicides should be applied in late summer before germination.

25. Plantain (Plantago major, or lanceolata) very tolerant of harsh compacted, wet or dry conditions physically remove short, tough root system when the soil is moist Apply herbicides spring or fall (combination of 2,4-D &/or MCPP, dicamba, triclopyr, clopyralid)

26. Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans) low maintenance areas and roadsides biennial, reproduction by seed consistent mowing and good nitrogen fertilization create competitive turf

27. Wild violet (Viola papilionacea) colonize shaded, well fertilized, moist areas and easily out-compete cool-season turf hand digging of small clumps can be very effective if the entire root system is removed. Herbicides have limited effectiveness (combination product repeatedly applied beginning in May)

28. Annual weedy grasses preemergent control applied 2 weeks prior to germination (soil temp = 55º to 58º for several consecutive days)