1. Cultural Resources Management in the USFWS

2. Overview of Laws & Regulations 1906 – Present

3. 20 laws passed by Congress addressing protection of cultural resources 7 Executive Orders At least 15 sets of regulations & 9 sets of standards & guidelines Overview of Laws & Regulations 1906 – Present

4. Pre-World War II Impetus for Cultural Resources Legislation Land Management Disrupt antiquities market (Western US) Legitimize the science of archaeology (Eastern US) Overview of Laws & Regulations 1906 – Present

5. Early Protection of Resources Congress protects Federal archaeological site in 1889 – Casa Grande in AZ 1890s – Congressional designation of national battlefields Public support grows to deter theft of artifacts on Federal lands Overview of Laws & Regulations 1906 – Present

6. Antiquities Act of 1906 Unauthorized investigation & collection of archaeological evidence is prohibited $500 penalty for violation Collections must be maintained in museums National monuments provision Overview of Laws & Regulations 1906 – Present

7. Historic Sites Act of 1935 Establishes a “national policy to preserve for public use historic sites, buildings and objects of national significance for the inspiration and benefit of the people of the United States.” Historic American Buildings Survey & Historic American Engineering Record National Historic Landmarks Program Authorizes cooperative agreements with communities, states, organizations & individuals to preserve sites. Provide technical advice & assistance to other agencies, states & organizations. Restore or maintain significant historic buildings, archaeological sites, & objects. Overview of Laws & Regulations 1906 – Present

8. Post World War II Impetus for Cultural Resources Management Legislation Economic growth Interstate Highway System Urban Renewal Programs & Suburbia Large Scale Public Works Projects (e.g. dams) Civil rights movement Destruction or alteration of communities Greater input into Federal planning Protection of Native American & minority group rights Loss of archaeological sites & data resulting from public works projects, dam construction & theft Overview of Laws & Regulations 1906 – Present

9. National Historic Preservation Act 1966, As Amended Centerpiece of Federal historic preservation program (Section 106 and 110) Congress declares that “the historical and cultural foundations of the Nation should be preserved as a living part of our community life and development in order to give a sense of orientation to the American people.” Overview of Laws and Regulations 1906 – Present

10. National Environmental Policy Act 1969 Preserve important historic & cultural aspects of our national heritage Section 102 requires that agencies must take into account the effects of projects on cultural resources Advisory Council on Historic Preservation’s regulations encourage integration of NHPA compliance with NEPA review Overview of Laws & Regulations 1906 – Present

11. Archaeological & Historic Preservation Act of 1974 (Replaces the Reservoir Salvage Act of 1960) Updates fines & protection of cultural resources Describes cultural resources data recovery Speaks about maintenance of any collections (museum property) generated from cultural resources studies ***Provides authority & quantifies percentage of budget that can be allocated to cultural resources projects Overview of Laws & Regulations 1906 – Present

12. Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 Requires a permit to excavate, remove or collect archaeological resources. Must notify tribes. Collections must be curated in museums or similar institutions Fines increased to up to $10,000 & $100,000 & possible imprisonment. Forbids the interstate or foreign trade, sale, transport or exchange of objects in violation of state or local law Agencies are directed to survey their lands Site information is exempted from FOIA Overview of Laws & Regulations 1906 – Present

13. Native American Graves Protection & Repatriation Act 1990 Directs FWS to inventory & repatriate Native American or Native Hawaiian human remains or cultural items to individuals, tribes, or organizations, as appropriate Contains an illegal trafficking clause Permits scientific study before repatriation Directs Federal agencies to make a reasonable effort to protect human remains or cultural items that are discovered on Federal lands Overview of Laws & Regulations 1906 – Present

15. What Is FWS & the Refuge System Doing for Cultural Resources?

16. Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 Develop comprehensive conservation plans that identify & describe the archaeological and cultural values of the planning unit. Develop FWS planning guidance to: Develop CRM overview Integrate CRM info into CCP process Identify objectives & priorities CRM step-down plans What is FWS & the Refuge System Doing for Cultural Resources?

17. National Wildlife Refuge System Volunteer and Community Partnerships Act of 1998 Authorizes partnerships with organizations that promote the conservation of cultural & historical resources of a refuge Encourages the use of refuges for outdoor classroom opportunities that include curricula on understanding & protecting cultural & historical resources What is FWS & the Refuge System Doing for Cultural Resources?

18. Internal Policies Aimed at Cultural Resources Compliance Has adopted: 50 CFR 27, Subpart F 614 FW 1-5 (1982) 126 FW 1-13 (1997) What is FWS & the Refuge System Doing for Cultural Resources?

19. Resources

20. FWS Cultural Resource Program http://refuges.fws.gov/cultural/index.html National Historic Preservation Act http://www.achp.gov/work106.html Historic Buildings http://www2.cr.nps.gov/tps/care/goodguides.htm Read More About It: Resources

21. USFWS Regional Historic Preservation Officers Region 1 Anan Raymond 503-625-4377 Region 2 David Siegel 505-248-7396 Region 3 John Dobrovolny 612-713-5439 Region 4 Richard Kanaski 912-652-4415 Region 5 John Wilson 413-253-8560 Region 6 Rhoda Lewis 303-236-8145 Region 7 Debbie Corbett 907-786-3399 Washington Office Eugene Marino 703-358-2173 Resources

22. THANK YOU