1. Saulius Trakumas, Eddie Salter SKC Inc., Eighty Four, United States SKC Ltd., Blandford Forum, United Kingdom HIGH-FLOW PERSONAL SAMPLER TO MONITOR EXPOSURE TO RESPIRABLE CRYSTALLINE SILICA AT NEW LOWER TLV

2. Crystalline Silica Crystalline silica is a basic component of soil, sand, granite, and many other minerals.

3. Hazards of Crystalline Silica Exposure to silica is a serious threat to million of workers, including workers in high risk jobs such as abrasive blasting, foundry work, stonecutting, rock drilling, quarry work, and tunneling.

4. Hazards of Crystalline Silica Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica is associated with the development of silicosis, lung cancer, and other pulmonary diseases.

5. Hazards of Crystalline Silica Exposures to silica may also be related to the development of autoimmune disorders and other adverse health effects.

6. Recent studies have demonstrated that lifetime exposure to respirable crystalline silica at 0.05 mg/m 3 is not low enough to eliminate the risk of developing chronic lung diseases. Permissible Exposure Limits

7. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has lowered the 8-hour time- weighted average threshold limit value to 0.025 mg/m 3 for quartz and cristobalite.

8. Sampling and Analytical Methods Current sampling and analytical methods used to evaluate occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica do not meet the accuracy criterion needed to quantify exposures at concentrations below 0.05 mg/m 3.

9. There is need for new, more sensitive, and more accurate methods to monitor occupational exposure to crystalline silica.

10. Cyclone is used to remove larger particles. Respirable fraction is collected on PVC filter. Sampling Crystalline Silica

11. www.osha.gov

12. Operates at a flow rate 2 to 3 times higher than currently available respirable samplers The objective of this study was to develop and test a personal respirable sampler that: Follows respirable convention accurately

13. Performance of Six Respirable Cyclones Aluminum Dorr-OliverGS-1GS-3 BGI-4CPSIMPED

14. Simulation of Respirable Curve Using Impactors

15. Performance of SKC Parallel Particle Impactor

16. Performance of Individual Impactors of High Flow PPI

17. Performance of High Flow Parallel Particle Impactor

18. Experimental Setup

19. Inlet Exhaust Impaction Plate SKC Parallel Particle Impactor

20. SKC High Flow PPI

21. Conclusions o High flow personal respirable sampler was developed and shown to match the entire ACGIH/CEN/ISO respirable curve closely. o The newly developed respirable sampler in conjunction with a high flow personal sample pump can be used to accurately measure occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica when new lower exposure limits need to be met.

22. Thank You!