1. Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West 1789-1900 Page 244 #1-20

2. Page 244 Creoles- Spaniars born in Latin America, ranked after the Peninsulares. Simon Bolivar-native Venezuela declared its independence from Spain 1811. Won their independence in 1821. Conservatives-usually wealthy property owners and nobility-argued for protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe

3. Page. 244 Liberals-mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants- wanted to give more power to elected parliaments, but only to parliaments in which the educated and the landowners could vote. Nationalism-is the belief that one’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history. Nationalism-is the belief that one’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history.

4. Page. 244 Camillo di Cavour-in 1852, Sardinia’s King Victor Emmanuel II named this Count as his prime minister. He was a wealthy, middle-aged aristocrat, who well-chosen alliances, he achieved the expansion. He also achieved the unification of Italy. Mazzini distrusted him. Cavour wanted to strengthen Sardinia’s power not to unite Italy.

5. Page. 244 Otto von Bismarck-prime minister and master of “realpolitik”. A commanding figures of German history. “The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches or by majority decisions_ that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849- but by blood of iron”.

6. Page. 244 Page. 244 Realpolitik- the politics of reality. The world described tough power politics with no room for idealism.

7. Page. 244 Romanticism-was a movement in art an ideas. It showed deep interest both in nature and in the thoughts and feelings of the individual. Thinkers and writers reacted agains the ideals of the Enlightenment.

8. Page. 244 Realism-literature & visual arts tried to show life as it is, not as it should be. Realist painting reflected the increasing political importance of the working class in the 1850.

9. #11 They resented that the peninsulares held nearly all high government offices. Their loyalty to Spain evaporated when Napoleon set his brother on the Spanish throne.

10. #12 Iturbide began by opposing the Mexican revolution but wound up as the leader who proclaimed Mexico’s independence. He tried to keep control of Central America, but when he fell from power after two years, Central America declared its independence from Mexico.

11. #13 Dom Pedro, the ruler of Brazil, was the son of the king of Portugal; in 1822, he officially declared Brazil’s independence from Portugal.

12. #14 Both Europeans and Americans respected ancient Greek culture and so felt a sympathy for the Greeks of their own time. Russians felt a kinship with Greek Orthodox Christians.

13. #15 Not very successful, because by 1849, Europe had practically returned to its pre- 1848 status.

14. #16 Disunity-It broke up centuries old empires into nation-states; Unity- It inspired people with the same history, culture, and language to form nation states.

15. #17 He used careful diplomacy and well chosen alliances, as well as cunning.

16. #18 He provoked Austria and France into separate wars, reasoning that the two wars would unite the German people behind Prussia.

17. #19 The Romantic Movement emphasized heroic action, promoted radical change, favored democracy, was concerned with common people. Many nationalists shared these ideals.

18. #20 Workers in the Industrial Age often lived grim lives in dirty, crowded cities.