1. Some network models David Macneil David.Macneil@canarie.ca www.canarie.ca Feb 5, 2004

2. 2 Organisation of Presentation >What I thought I was doing >What I will do, some examples – Broadband Task Force, recognition of market failure in small rural communities Inefficient and incomplete deployment of broadband Search for appropriate alternate models – Broadband and Rural Development Program, BRAND >Some URL’s

5. RISQ

6. 6 Dec 03 ORION network

7. 7

8. 8 RFI March 2002 Possible partners and needs >CANARIE Inc., which is deploying the new CA*net 4 network intended to link provincial research networks … and through them universities, research centers, government research labs, schools and other eligible sites, both with each other and with international peer networks. >NRC, which is deploying a distributed e-commerce research center in New Brunswick located at Moncton, Saint John and Fredericton with an additional link to Miramichi. >University of New Brunswick (UNB) which manages the NB-PEI Educational Computer Network (ECN), a province wide education network throughout New Brunswick linking universities and other related institutes. UNB also operates the New Brunswick GigaPOP. >ACOA and the Province of New Brunswick, which are to provide financial support for linking the NRC distributed eCommerce research centers >University of Prince Edward Island, which operates and manages the PEI Regional Advanced Network. >Dalhousie University (ACORN-NS), which operates and manages the Nova Scotia Regional Advanced Network. >Memorial University, which operates and manages the Newfoundland Regional Advanced Network.

9. Atlantic Canada Advanced Research Network RFP (by item) Montreal Halifax Fredericton Charlottetown To St. John’s CA*net 4 Route Diversity NB ORAN CA*net 4 Node Breakout points for ORAN CA*net 4 Primary Route NRC e-commerce network NS ORAN Miramichi Sydney Antigonish Truro Wolfville Summerside Moncton Bathurst Saint John Edmundston Sackville Shippagan

10. 10 NB PEI Grid (assembled) - Production July 1, 2003 - Co-op venture Montreal Halifax Fredericton Charlottetown To St. John’s CA*net 4 Route Diversity NB ORAN CA*net 4 Node Breakout points for ORAN CA*net 4 Primary Route NRC e-commerce network NS ORAN Miramichi Summerside Moncton Bathurst Saint John Edmundston Sackville Shippagan

11. 11 CA*net 4 Diversity - Option 2 Map

12. 12 NB / PEI Research Ring Results: >Optical Network (>2000 km GT/360 and Eastlink fiber) >7 Years funding in place >7 GigE Rings + OC192c >CA*net4 route diversity in Atlantic Canada except NF >Connect all NB Universities >Link UNB – UPEI GigaPops >Connect NRC sites in NB

13. 13 Alberta SUPERnet Province wide network of condominium fiber to 420 communities in Alberta Network a mix of fiber builds and existing supplier infrastructure (swap/buy/lease) Condominium approach: All suppliers can Buy (or swap) a share of the fiber (during build or after) Lease bandwidth at competitive rates Government of Alberta has perpetual right to use (IRU) Ownership will be held at arms length GOA/stakeholder rates are costs to run divided over users Because of fiber capacity, bandwidth can be made available to all businesses at urban competitive rate Total cost to GOA $193m Bell Intrigna prime contractor Guaranteed cost of bandwidth to all public sector institutions $500/mo for 10 Mbps, $700/mo for 100 Mbps

14. 14 Extended Area 372 communities GOA/stakeholder needs Proceeds from businesses (urban benchmarked rates) to GOA to further network Base Area 48 communities GOA/stakeholder needs Business proceeds to Bell (urban benchmarked rates) - $143 Million GOA - 100% GOA IRU - $50 Million GOA - 33%GOA IRU - $102 Million Bell - 67% Bell IRU Alberta SUPERnet IRUs

15. 15 Combination: Fibre build Use of Existing Infrastructure Communities with one or more school BUFFALO TRAILS SCHOOL DIVISION Alberta SUPERnet Example

16. 16 Current (Typical) Residences 56 Kbps dial Internet ($85/Month) No high speed Internet Businesses Some T1 Facilities ($2000/Month average - rates distance sensitive) Some high speed business service on special setup arrangement Future (Everywhere) Residences High speed DSL residential Internet at urban rates ($40/month) Businesses High speed business services available at competitive urban rates (eg $820/month - T1) Higher speeds at comparable rates RURAL COMMUNITIES Alberta SUPERnet Impact

17. 17 À venir Bande passante louée Projet démarré Construit Observatoire Mont-Mégantic Val d’Or/Rouyn MAN de Montréal MAN de Québec MAN de Sherbrooke MAN d’Ottawa/Hull Quebec University Condo Network

18. 18 St-Laurent/Vanier Lanaudière Maisonneuve Marie-Victorin Champlain Rosemont Sorel-Tracy Montmorency Édouard-Montpetit Vieux-Montréal Bois-de-Boulogne Ahuntsic Lionel-Groulx Vers Québec Gérald-Godin John-Abbott André-Laurendeau Dawson À venir Bande passante louée Projet démarré Construit Montreal Public Sector Condominium Networks

19. 19 South Dundas IROQUOIS MORRISBURG

20. 20 South Dundas Results >Morrisburg, Iroquios Have Fibre Hung Electronics In and Fibre Lit >ISP’s, ASP’s all Want In the Fibre >Major Employers Inquiring >Very Positive Attitude in Community >Digital Desert to Digital Oasis

21. 21 Peel County Municipal Fiber Network >Mississauga, Brampton, Peel >200 km of Fibre >96 strand backbone – “Enough for small country” >12-60 strands elsewhere >12,000 strand-kilometers – Laid end-to-end = Victoria to St. John’s …...and back again

22. 22 Fredericton, NB “At this morning's quarterly Mayor's Business Breakfast, City of Fredericton Mayor A.M. (Sandy) DiGiacinto released details about the high-speed fibre optic cable which will be used to connected the new NRC E-Commerce Institute (UNB campus) to the Greater Fredericton Knowledge Park. Staff have been instructed by City Council to prepare a business case that would leverage this 3 km stretch of cable into an Ultra High-Speed Community Network managed by the municipality.” > Nov. 2000

23. 23 Fredericton >Started as Economic Development tool >MUSH, Govt., Research - ISP, carriers invited to participate >Build partners emerged quickly, $100,000 “donated” by private sector >Tender call for 8 km phase 1, $110,000, complete Sept 2001 >48 fiber min.

25. 25 And then… >City formed not-for-profit “e-Novations” >RFP process not successful >New carrier enters negotiations >GT will provide: – “Customer Managed” fiber to original partners – 100Mb and GigE VPN >In production

26. 26 And then…2 >50 km GT fiber >16 km new build in 2002 >802.11 (b) for some sites >Fred-eZone, a free municipal-wide Wi-Fi, Nov 03 >The first phase of the project (downtown and the airport), which cost $150,000, has already been completed and the city aims to deliver Wi-Fi access to all public spaces

27. 27 Ireland >50,000 km of fiber rings around 123 cities, towns, 19 (2003), 48 (04), 56 (05) >300 million Euro, 90% national govt. >Competition neutral infrastructure, open to all carriers >5 Mb standard to home

28. 28 Jordan >“Connecting Jordanians” program >Fiber to all schools by 2004

29. 29 Value of Research Networks Paper by Dr. Tim Lance on behalf of the Net@EDU group of EDUCAUSE: http://www.educause.edu/asp/doclib/abstract.asp?ID=NET0202 This white paper, which was contributed by the Net@EDU Broadband Pricing Group, provides a vision of higher education's evolving networking needs over the next five to ten years. Articulating the role of research and education networks in our society, it explores the drivers, challenges and policy issues in deploying said networks, and the need for our community to partner with all levels of government in helping to define and achieve national networking goals.

30. 30 Thank you www.canet3.net/library/papers.html www.cityofchicago.org/CivicNet/civicnetRFI.pdf www.canarie.ca/advnet/workshop_2000/presentations/ www.smartwinnipeg.mb.ca/Municipal_Fibre.htm http://www.crc.ca/en/html/crc/home/research/rrba/definitionhttp://www.crc.ca/en/html/crc/home/research/rrba/definition (BRAND) www.light-wave.com www.enovations.cawww.enovations.ca (Fredericton) www.albertasupernet.ca www.risq.qc.ca/ www.educause.edu/asp/doclib/abstract.asp?ID=NET0202 www.canarie.ca www.canet3.net

31. 31 Extra

32. 32 Customer Empowered Networks >Universities, school boards and municipalities throughout North America are building condominium dark fiber networks in partnership with a variety of partners >Individual institutions – the customers – own and control their own strands of fiber – Fiber are configured in point to point private networks; or – Connect to local ISP or carrier hotel – Private sector maintains the fiber >Low cost LAN architectures and optics are used to light the fiber >These new concepts in customer empowered networking are starting in the same place as the Internet started – the university and research community.

33. 33 Background >growing trend for many Universities, schools, and large businesses/institutions to acquire own dark fiber as part of a condominium or municipal fiber build >increasing need for extreme high-Bw interconnection of large databases, distributed computer systems, instrumentation systems >more carriers are selling point-to-point wavelengths on long term leases (IRU) which can virtually extend a dark fiber network across a wide area >network now becomes an asset as opposed to a telecom service >opens up the possibility of swapping light paths with other organizations on a peer-peer basis >recent explosion in facilities which will allow institutions easy access to wavelength pooling points (a.k.a. IXs, NAPs, GigaPoPs, carrier hotels), necessary to create a swapping market

34. 34 Examples of CEN Customer Empowered Networks >Universities in Quebec have built their own 3500km “condominium” fiber network in partnership with 6 carriers- $US 2million – Deploy and manage their own optics and long haul transmission gear >Universities in Alberta deploy their own 400 km 4xGbe dark fiber network - $US 200K – Deploy and manage their own optics and long haul transmission gear >City of Montreal is second most fibered city in the world because of municipal owned open access conduit >Peel County – Mississauga & Brampton has built a 200km public sector fiber network - $US 5m >Many other cities including Fredericton, Toronto have developed or are looking at similar initiatives

35. 35 What is condominium fiber? >A number of organizations such as schools, hospitals, businesses and universities get together to fund and build a fiber network >Carrier partners are also invited to be part of condominium project – Several next generation carriers and fiber brokers are now arranging condominium fiber builds – IMS, QuebecTel, Videotron, Cogeco, Dixon Cable, GT Telecom, etc etc >Fiber is installed, owned and maintained by 3 rd party professional fiber contractors – usually the same contractors used by the carriers for their fiber builds >Each institution gets its own set of fibers, at cost, on a 20 year IRU (Indefeasible Right of Use) – One time up front cost, plus annual maintenance and right of way cost approx 5% of the capital cost >Institution lights up their own strands with whatever technology they want – Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, PBX, etc – Long range laser will reach 120+ km >Ideal solution for point to point links for large fixed institutions – Payback is usually less than 18 months

36. 36 Market Drivers >First - low cost – 10% to 1% cost over current telecom prices. 9-36 month payback >Second - LAN invades the WAN – no complex SONET or ATM required in network – Network Restoral & Protection can be done by customer using a variety of techniques such as wireless backup, or relocating servers to a multi-homed site, etc >Third - Enables new applications and services not possible with traditional service providers – Relocation of servers and extending LAN to central site – Out sourcing LAN and web servers to a 3 rd party with no performance impact – IP telephony in the wide area – HDTV video at a new price point >Fourth – Allows access to new competitive low cost telecom and IT companies at carrier neutral meet me points – Much easier to out source servers, e-commerce etc. to a 3 rd party at a carrier neutral collocation facility

37. 37 Typical Fiber Capital Costs >Average total cost between $7 and $15 per meter as follows: – Engineering and Design: $1 - $3 per meter for engineering, design, supervision, splicing – Plus Installation: $7 to $10 per meter for install in existing conduit; or $3 to $6 per meter for install on existing poles – Plus Premise termination: Average $5k each – Plus cost of fiber: 15¢ per strand per meter for 36 strands or less 12¢ per strand per meter for 96 strands or less 10¢ per strand per meter 192 strands or less 5¢ per strand per meter over 192 strands

38. 38 Condo Fiber Costs - Examples >Des affluents: Total cost $1,500,000 ($750,000 for schools) – 70 schools – 12 municipal buildings – 204 km fiber – $1,500,000 total cost – average cost per building - $18,000 per building >Mille-Isles: Total cost $2,100,000 ($1,500,000 for schools) – 80 schools – 18 municipal buildings – 223km – $21,428 per building >Laval: Total cost $1,800,000 ($1,000,000 for schools) – 111 schools – 45 municipal buildings – 165 km – $11,500 per building >Peel county: Total cost $5m – 100 buildings – Cost per building $50,000

39. 39 Conclusion >Many governments have recognized the importance of access to low cost dark fiber as fundamental economic enabler >It will be the 21 st century equivalent to the roads and railways that were built in the 20 th century