1. Point-of-Use (POU) Treatment: A Viable Inorganics Compliance Strategy for Small Systems Warren J. Swanson, P.E. 2004 RMSAWWA/RMWEA Annual Conference Grand Junction, Colorado Schmueser gordon meyer, inc. Glenwood Springs Aspen Crested Butte Meeker

2. This Presentation Will… Show how POU treatment can be a real compliance option for small systems Show how POU treatment can be a real compliance option for small systems Share experiences of a small community in: Share experiences of a small community in:  getting the approach approved  developing an implementation plan Identify available resources Identify available resources

3. What is POU (& POE) Treatment? POU is Point-of-Use “Under the Sink” POE is Point-of-Entry “Whole Home”

4. The POU/POE Approach Trade-off… Centralized Treatment High Capital Cost POU/POE Treatment Logistical Challenges

5. Mt. Princeton Homeowners’ Association MPHOA MPHOA 50 residences on flanks of Mt. Princeton 50 residences on flanks of Mt. Princeton  > 15 taps or 25 residents, year-round  Community Water System Receives water from MP Hot Springs Resort Receives water from MP Hot Springs Resort Photo: www.coloradofourteeners.org

6. Mt. Princeton Hot Springs is a High- Quality Source….

7. MPHS Fluoride: 9 mg/L Fluoride Max. Contaminant Level (MCL): 4 mg/L Fluoride Secondary MCL: 2 mg/L …except for High Fluoride State of Colorado Enforcement Order May 30, 2003 Prelim. Design Report in 4 mons. Fully Implement Solution in 7 mons.

8. Centralized Treatment Not Feasible Activated Alumina High-fluoride Influent, 75 gpm Regeneration Chemicals Treated Raw Water Waste Stream? Land Building Treatment Equipment Chemicals Waste Disposal Option Increased O&M $5,000 Capital Cost of about $5,000 per Household!!

9. Why Mt. Princeton HOA Pursued POU… Affordability Affordability  Treat only cooking and drinking water  $550 per household Limited Waste Disposal Limited Waste Disposal  Fluoride not concentrated much No Additional Land Required No Additional Land Required State of Colorado Willing to Accept the Approach State of Colorado Willing to Accept the Approach

10. Not Suitable for Microbial Contaminants Site-Specific Pilot-Testing of Units Operations & Management Plan Automatic Warning on Units Water System Ultimately Responsible ANSI/NSF- Approved Units State POU/POE Strategy Guidelines

11. MPHOA Selected Reverse Osmosis Units 5-micron Cartridge Pre-Filter Activated Carbon Pre-Trtmnt. Reverse Osmosis Membrane Activated Carbon Post-Trtmnt. 2-Gal. Tank (rated to 120 psi) Dedicated Faucet w/Cond.- Based Quality Monitor & Built-in Siphon Break NSF 58-Approved System

12. Pilot Test Demonstrated Performance

13. Operations & Management Plan Contents 1. Keys to Program Success 2. Division of Responsibilities 3. Installation / Start-up 4. Training 5. O & M 6. Monitoring 7. Record Keeping 8. Communications

14. Keys to POU Approach Success Homeowner cooperation! Homeowner cooperation! Good communication! Good communication! Access to units! Access to units! Licensed installers & operators! Licensed installers & operators! Solid performance monitoring plan! Solid performance monitoring plan! Proper reporting to State! Proper reporting to State!

15. Division of Responsibilities… Bear Final Responsibility Furnish & Own Devices All O&M, Management Compliance Activities Home mod. costs Be Coach-able Provide Access & Space Don’t Tinker Check Units Report Problems WATER PROVIDER CUSTOMERS

16. POU Treatment Unit Installation Plan POU Treatment Unit Manufacturer’s Representative Certified Master Plumber Installation and Training Throughout Community Training Activity #1 Licensed Water Sys. Operator Training Activity #2

17. Operations & Maintenance Plan Should… Clearly assign responsibilities Clearly assign responsibilities  Equip. provider, plumber, operator Establish schedules Establish schedules  Maintenance visits  Unit replacement activities Establish spare parts inventory Establish spare parts inventory Set responsibility for waste disposal Set responsibility for waste disposal

18. Three Levels of Monitoring Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Purpose Schedule Sampler Method Note Breakthrough Warning Continuous Homeowner Auto-Monitor, Surrogate Routine Check Annual, Flexible Unit Service Provider Parameter Field Method Regulatory Compliance Every 3 Yrs. Licensed Water Op. Approved Method

19. Communications Plan Schedule regular maintenance visits at annual HOA meeting Schedule regular maintenance visits at annual HOA meeting Send out reminder cards in advance of service visits Send out reminder cards in advance of service visits Distribute contact list to residents Distribute contact list to residents Provide feedback on program success and importance to all residents Provide feedback on program success and importance to all residents Make sure new residents are indoctrinated! Make sure new residents are indoctrinated!

20. Additional Information “Guidance for Implementing a POU or POE Treatment Strategy for Compliance with the SDWA” “Guidance for Implementing a POU or POE Treatment Strategy for Compliance with the SDWA”  http://www.epa.gov/safewater/standard/ draftguid_pou_poe.pdf State Primacy Agency State Primacy Agency