1. Steven Martinez Matthew Notta Bradlee Burnham
-Tidal and Wave Energy-
Steven Martinez
Matthew Notta
Bradlee Burnham

2. -History of Tidal Energy-
787: simple technique of a waterwheel by the Spanish, French, and British
1966: “La Rance” tidal power plant went in operation.
2001: British Parliament states “the world can no longer neglect the massive potential of wave and tidal energy”
2002-present: Large investments in research and prototypes spark proposals in Turkey, China, and United States; among others

3. -History of Wave Energy-
1799: First patent of a device designed to use ocean waves to generate power
1910: First oscillating water column was built by Bochaux-Praceique to power his house
1940s: Yoshio Masuda experimented with many concepts of wave power
2004: Wave power was delivered to an electrical grid for the first time

4. -Tidal Stream Generators-
Very close in concept to traditional windmills
Most popular prototype on the market
Prototype sites include Norway, England, and New York.
In prototype turbines where placed in the East River between Queens and Roosevelt Island.
It is the first major tidal power project in the USA
Powers 1/3 of a parking garage and a supermarket

5. -SeaGen- World’s first large scale commercial tidal stream generator.
First one was installed in the Strangford Narrows (Ireland)
Generates 1.2MW between hours a day
Blades span 16 meters in diameter
gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic=50009

6. -Barrage Tidal Power: Rance Power Station-
Located on Rance River, France
750 meters long
24 Turbines
Capacity of 240MW
Annual output of 600GWh
Supplies 0.012% of Frances power supply.
Opened 1966
gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic=50009

7. -Calculations: Tidal Stream Generators-
P = the power generated (in watts)
ξ = the turbine efficiency
ρ = the density of the water (seawater is 1025 kg/m³)
A = the sweep area of the turbine (in m²)
V = the velocity of the flow
*Power equation is based on the kinetic energy of the moving water*

8. -Calculation: Barrage Tidal Power-
E = energy
ρ = the density of the water (seawater is 1025 kg/m³)
A = horizontal area of the barrage basin
G = Gravity (9.81m/s2)
H = Vertical Tide Range
* The potential energy available from a barrage is dependent on * the volume of water.

9. -Environmental Impact-
Mortality rates of fish swimming threw the turbine is around 15%
Sonic guidance to get fish to avoid the turbine
Placement of barrage turbines into estuaries can change entire ecosystems
Alters flow of saltwater possibly changing hydrology & salinity
Sediment movement also can effect the ecosystem

10. -Comparison to Wind Energy-
Tidal Stream generators draw energy in the same basic way wind turbines do
Higher density of water allows a single generator to provide significantly more power
Water speeds of nearly 1/10 the speed of wind can provide the same energy output
Current in water is much more reliable then wind in the air.

11. -Economics of Tidal Power-
The cost of building a Tidal Power plant can have a high capital cost.
UK: $15 Billion
8000MW
Philippines: $3 Billion
2200MW
Operating costs are low and usually come from maintenance

12. -What You Can Do-
In the Amazon helical turbine technology are being used to generate small scale electricity for rural communities.
rural residents are dispersed and cannot be reached economically by power lines from central generators.
The only decentralized options available to them now are: solar panels and diesel generation.
Configuration:
The helical turbine rotates on a shaft with a pulley that runs an alternator by means of a belt.
The alternator charges batteries

13. -Amazon Project- (b) Pulley and belt (c) Automotive alternator
(a) 6-blade helical turbine

14. -Amazon Project- Energy production: 120 A-h/day
8 solar panels (75 Wp), installed: US$ 5690
Tide-Energy generating station: US$ 2800
Numbers on: Annual operating costs (120 A-h/day)*
1000 VA diesel generator: US$ 1397
Tide-Energy generating station: US$ 824
* Includes fuel, labor, maintenance, and depreciation
For a single Tide-Energy generating station:
Annual Receipts (charging 5 batteries/day)
Costs (labor, maintenance, and depreciation)
Profit US$ 926

15. -Wave Power- Salter’s Duck design
Could stop 90% of wave motion and could convert 90% of that to electricity
Shut down because of an error in calculating the cost, which wasn’t discovered until 2008, and the program had been shut down in 1982

16. -How it Works-
The “duck” device bobs back and forth as waves pass, this motion moves a pendulum that is connected to a generator that produces electricity

17. -Some Companies- Some companies designing mechanisms Wavegen Limpet
Ocean Power Delivery
Pelamis tube
Renewable Energy Holdings
CETO
Oyster Wave Energy devices

18. -Advantages and Disadvantages-
The energy is free – no fuel needed, no waste produced
Not expensive to operate and maintain
Can produce a great deal of energy
Disadvantages
Depends on the waves – sometimes you’ll get loads of energy, sometimes almost nothing
Needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently strong
Some designs are noisy. But then again, so are waves, so any noise is unlikely to be a problem
Must be able to withstand

19. -Environmental Impact-
Noise pollution
Displace productive fishing sites
Change the pattern of beach sand nourishment
Alter food chains and disrupt migration patterns
Offshore devices will displace bottom-dwelling organisms where they connect into the

20. -Sources-
(2006). Tidal Energy Industry Boom. Retrieved
(2008). Renewable Energy: Ocean Wave Power. Retrieved gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic=50009
(2009) Ocean Wave Energy. Retrieved
(2010). America’s Premiere Wave Power Farm Sets Sail. Retrieved alternative-energy-news.info/wave-power-farm-sets-sail/
(2010). History of Tidal Energy. Retrieved. +energy&hl=en&tbs=tl :1&tbo=u&ei=nPavS6aeAYH48Ab-q6y9Dw&sa=X&oi =timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=11&ved=0CDgQ5wIwCg&fp=1&cad=b
Kirke, B. (2006) Developments in ducted water current turbines. Retrieved
Lamb, H. (1994) Hydrodynamics. England. Cambridge University Press.
Meyer, R. (2009). Tidal energy . Retrieved from index.php/Tidal-Energy/Tidal-Energy.html
Tayor, P. (2007). Seagen Tidal Power Installation. Retrieved