1. The Foundations of Farmstead Planning Brian J. Holmes Extension Agricultural Engineer Biological Systems Engineering Dept. College of Agricultural & Life Sciences University of Wisconsin - Madison Nolan Andersen Dairy and Livestock Agent Dane County University of Wisconsin - Extension

2. Facilities Plan Promotes: 1. Labor savings 2. Natural ventilation 3. Surface drainage 4. Convenient materials handling 5. Space for expansion 6. Avoids Mistakes

3. What is the Advisor’s Role? * Learn to listen/read between the lines * Identify the family’s vision * Identify the short term goals * Help the dairyman recognize the multitude of options * Help dairyman learn more about viable options - Identify other advisors/consultants - Visit others to view and discuss - Provide reading materials - Encourage discussions with vendors * Identify benefits and limitations of viable options * Start the planning process

4. Steps to Dairy Modernization Write down goals Hone management skills Feasibility analysis Reconsider and rewrite goals Develop business plan Develop facilities & farmstead plans and costs Check against feasibility analysis and goals Obtain financing Contract for facilities Management Land Base Economic Goals still OK? No Yes

5. SOME PLANNING STEPS: 1. Establish Goals 2. Learn Alternatives 3. Discuss With Others 4. Draw Farmstead Layout 5. Stake The Site 6. Drive The Site

6. WHAT IS A FARMSTEAD PLAN? Scale Drawing - Plan View * Topographic Lines * Buildings - current - future * W ell(s) * Manure Storage * Feed Storage * Drainage Channels * Streams * H ighways * Drives * Utilities * Sink Holes/Ledges * Septic(s) * etc. * North Arrow

7. FARMSTEAD PLAN = * Equipment Suppliers * Lender * Contractor * Utility Companies * Subsequent Buyer * Excavator * Regulator * Partner(s) COMMUNICATION TOOL

8. Short Range Plan: Must be Compatible with Long Range Plan This Month’s Decisions Have an Effect for 20 – 50 Years! Planning for the Future:

9. Overvalued facilities may unnecessarily anchor you at an existing farmstead Constraints of existing facilities may limit the technologies you can use unless you make major changes and expense. Planning for the Future:

10. PLANNING FACTORS: 1. Adequate Water Supply 2. Drainage 3. Production Factors 4. Climatic Factors 5. Off Farm Factors

11. Ideal Farmstead Location * Center of Land Base * Top of Hill * Distant From Streams * Distant From Neighbors * Good Source of Groundwater * Moderate-Heavy Soil Texture

12. Build on a Knoll NOT in a Hole Diversions

13. Diversion

16. Prevailing Wind Directions for July % Time Calm 5% Increments About 18%

17. Transition Facilities Needs: 1. Animal housing 2. Efficient milking 3. Feed storage/Efficient feeding 4. Manure storage - maybe

18. EARLY 1970’S Stall Barn House Machine Shed Drainage Neighbor Yard N

19. 1977 Stall Barn House Machine Shed Drainage Neighbor Yard Stall Barn Addition N

20. 1980 Stall Barn House Machine Shed Drainage Neighbor Manure Storage Stall Barn Addition Silos N

21. 1983 Free Stall Barn Machine Shed Drainage Neighbor Manure Storage Stall Barn After Fire Silos N

22. Looking West about 1985 Freestall Barn Stall Barn House

23. 1987 Free Stall Barn Machine Shed Drainage Neighbor Calf Barn Stall Barn N

24. Home Farm Neighbor 1990 N

25. 1991 Free Stall Machine Shed Drainage Neighbor Calf Barn Dry & Special Needs N

26. Neighbor Feed Pad Parlor Manure Storage 1991 300 Free Stalls N

27. Neighbor Bunkers Parlor 2 Manure Storages 360 Free Stalls 1994 - 1995 N

28. Neighbor Bunkers Parlor Manure Storages Milking & Dry & Transition w Parlor 2000 - 2001 Heifers N

29. Material Flows What Has to Flow? Feed Water Animals Manure Milking Center Wastewater Milk Sunshine Precipitation Air Personnel Visitors Service Companies Electricity/Fuel

30. 123 4 56 78 90 123 4 56 78 9 0 N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 40 x 80 Machine Shed House 34 x 110 Stall Barn Figure A. 50 Cow Farmstead Plan Base Case Heifers

31. 123 4 56 78 90 123 4 56 78 9 0 HA MP 320 COW FS-3 Heifers & Dry Cows Calves Maternity Horizontal Silos 320 COW FS-4 N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 House 320 COW FS-5 Manure Cells Commodity Shed Figure B. 1000 Cow Farmstead Plan Phase 5 2 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Treatment Special Needs

32. 123 4 56 78 90 123 4 56 78 9 0 100 Mature Cows & Heifers N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Heifers House Parlor Figure C. 100 Cow Farmstead Plan Phase 1 Silo Bag Pad Special Needs Calf Hutch Pad 1 1 1 1 1

33. 123 4 56 78 90 123 4 56 78 9 0 200 Mature Cows & Heifers Calves Maternity Horizontal Silos N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Heifers House Parlor Manure Cell Commodity Shed Figure D. 200 Cow Farmstead Plan Phase 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Silo Bag Pad 1 1

34. 123 4 56 78 9 0 123 4 56 78 9 0 HAMP 320 COW FS-3 Heifers & Dry Cows Calves Maternity Horizontal Silos N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Treatment House Treatment Manure Cells Commodity Shed Figure E. 300 Cow Farmstead Plan Phase 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3

35. 123 4 56 78 90 123 4 56 78 9 0 HAMP 320 COW FS-3 Heifers & Dry Cows Calves Maternity Horizontal Silos 320 COW FS-4 N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 House Treatment Manure Cells Commodity Shed Figure F. 600 Cow Farmstead Plan Phase 4 2 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Treatment

36. 123 4 56 78 90 123 4 56 78 9 0 HAMP 320 COW FS-3 Heifers & Dry Cows Calves Maternity Horizontal Silos 320 COW FS-4 N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 House 320 COW FS-5 Manure Cells Commodity Shed Figure G. 1000 Cow Farmstead Plan Phase 5 2 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Treatment MP Special Needs

37. Steps to Avoid Excessive Costs: 1. Establish facility needs for 10-20 year horizon 2. Establish facility needs for the transition phase 3. Evaluate existing structures on the basis of how they can meet transition and future needs 4. Compare initial and annual costs of remodel vs new construction