1. National Conference on Energy & Environment
Optimisation of Design & Technology for Sewage Treatment by
Vinita Dhupkar
21st February, 2014

2. Contents Water Stress Sewage Generation & Treatment
Sewage Treatment – Technology Options
Overview of Technologies
Technology Comparison & Assessment
Technology Selection
Way Forward

3. Global Water withdrawal

4. Water Stress Yesterday : Water Pollution Today : Water Stress
Tomorrow : Water Scarcity

5. Water Stress Growing Population Increasing Urbanisation
Insufficient Infrastructure
Over Extraction of Ground water
Poor Treatment & Maintenance
Increasing Gap between Demand & Supply

6. Sewage Generation & Treatment
Ref : CPCB Report on Performance Evaluation of STPs, 2013

7. Sewage generation & Treatment
Metropolitan Cities
Class I Cities
Class II Cities
Ref : CPCB Report on Performance Evaluation of STPs, 2013

8. Sewage generation & Treatment

9. STP – Technology Options
Option 1 : ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS (ASP/ EA) Option 2 : MOVING BED BIO REACTOR (MBBR) / FIXED AERATED BIOREACTOR (FAB) Option 3 : SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR (SBR) Option 4 : MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR (MBR) Option 5 : UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) REACTOR Option 6 : TRICKING FILTER (TF)

10. ASP- Flow Diagram AT-SC-CHL RAW SEWAGE TREATED WATER SCREENING
GRIT
INLET CHAMBER
GRIT REMOVAL
RAW SEWAGE
PUMPING STATION
CHLORINE
TREATED WATER
DISINFECTION
AERATION TANK
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
SLUDGE DRYING BEDS
FILTRATE TO AERATION TANK

11. RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER
ASP - Flow Diagram
PC-AT-SC-CHL
RAW SEWAGE
SCREENING
GRIT
RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER
GRIT REMOVAL
PRIMARY CLARIFIER
CHLORINE
TREATED WATER
DISINFECTION
AERATION TANK
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
SLUDGE THICKNER
SLUDGE DRYING BEDS
FILTRATE TO AT
SLUDGE STABILISATION

12. ASP

13. ASP

14. RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER
MBBR - Flow Diagram
MBBR-SC-CHL
RAW SEWAGE
SCREENING
GRIT
RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER
GRIT REMOVAL
CHLORINE
TREATED WATER
DISINFECTION
AERATION TANK (MBBR)
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
SLUDGE DRYING BEDS
FILTRATE TO AERATION TANK

15. MBBR

16. RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER
FAB - Flow Diagram
FAB-SC-CHL
RAW SEWAGE
SCREENING
GRIT
RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER
GRIT REMOVAL
CHLORINE
TREATED WATER
DISINFECTION
AERATION TANK (FAB)
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
SLUDGE DRYING BEDS
FILTRATE TO AERATION TANK

17. SBR - Flow Diagram SBR-CHL RAW SEWAGE SCREENING INLET CHAMBER SBR - 1
DIFFUSERS
DECANTER
SBR-CHL
RAW SEWAGE
SCREENING
GRIT
INLET CHAMBER
SBR - 1
GRIT REMOVAL
BLOWER
SBR - 2
BLOWER
RETURN SLUDGE
SURPLUS SLUDGE
CHLORINE
SLUDGE
TREATED WATER TO
DIPSOSAL
PUMP
SLUDGE SUMP
CHLORINE CONTACT TANK
CENTRIFUGE
(SLUDGE DEWATERING)

18. SBR
SBR

19. SBR

20. RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER
MBR- Flow Diagram
MBR-CHL
RAW SEWAGE
SCREENING
GRIT
RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER
GRIT REMOVAL
CHLORINE
TREATED WATER
DISINFECTION
MBR TANK
SLUDGE DRYING BEDS
FILTRATE TO AERATION TANK

21. MBR
MBR

22. RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER
UASB - Flow Diagram
UASB-AT-SC-CHL
ELECTRICITY
RAW SEWAGE
SCREENING
GRIT
RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER
GRIT REMOVAL
GAS
ENGINE
UASB
CHLORINE
TREATED WATER
DISINFECTION
GAS HOLDER
AERATION TANK / FACULTATIVE LAGOON
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
SLUDGE THICKNER
SLUDGE DRYING BEDS
FILTRATE TO AT

23. UASB

24. TRICKLING FILTER - Flow Diagram
TF-AT-SC-CHL
RAW SEWAGE
SCREENING
GRIT
RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER
GRIT REMOVAL
TRICKLING FILTER
CHLORINE
TREATED WATER
DISINFECTION
AERATION TANK
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
SLUDGE THICKNER
SLUDGE DRYING BEDS
FILTRATE TO AT

25. Trickling Filter

26. Technology Comparison
Parameter
UASB+EA
ASP-EA
MBBR
MBR
SBR
BOD, mg/l
<30
<20-30
<3-<5
<5
COD, mg/l
<250
<100
TSS, mg/l
<10
TKN &P, mg/l
No Treatment
<2
Area, Acres
15.6
10.9
5.5 5
6.3
Capital Cost, Rs. Lac (100MLD)
6500
6000
7000
25000
8000
Power cost, Rs/m3
1.11
1.71
1.8
3.0
1.14
Chemical Cost
0.07
0.50
0.06
Maintenance cost, Rs./m3
0.22
0.25
1.1
0.27
Power generation
Yes
Nil

27. Technology Comparison

28. Technology Comparison

29. Technology Comparison
Treated Sewage Parameters

30. Technology Assessment for Sewage Treatment
Criteria OP
ASP
MBBR
SBR
MBR
UASB +ASP
TF + ASP
Quality of Treated Effleunt
Nutrient Removal potential
Low Land Requirement potential
Low Capital Cost potential
Low Power Requirement Potential
Electricity generation potential
Low O & M Skills Potential
Low
Medium
High
Very High

31. Domestic WW Treatment TECHNOLOGY SELECTION Recycle Reuse SBR MBR
Objective 4
Reduce Operation
Cost
UASB
SBR
Objective 3
Reduce Space
SBR
MBR
MBBR
Objective 2
Reduce Capital Cost
UASB
ASP
MBBR
Objective 1
TECHNOLOGY SELECTION

32. Domestic Wastewater Technologies
Indian Scenario
Technology Options
UP, Delhi
Treatment & energy production
Domestic Wastewater Technologies
Maharashtra
Gujarat
AP, Karnataka
Chennai
Kerala
Treatment & Reuse
Treatment & Recycle / Reuse (Desalination)

33. Way Forward Recycle / Reuse Techno-economically viable technologies
Improvement in O&M
Reduction in Operational Cost by Innovations
Stringent Policies & Implementation by Govt.
Promotion of PPP Models

34. Water Stress Yesterday : Water Pollution Today : Water Stress
Tomorrow : Water Scarcity
Day After Tomorrow : Water War

35. to learn the worth of Water !
Do not let the well dry,
to learn the worth of Water !
Thank You !
Vinita Dhupkar