1. From Warrior to Warrior-bureaucrat  By the year 1400 aristocrat power is gone still in the capital The emperor is still the head of government in principle Support provided by ruling warrior clans  Warrior control based on control of land

2. The Mongol Invasions  When Japan refused a tributary relationship The Mongols attacked  First attack, 1274 A storm strikes the Mongol fleet, forcing it to retreat  Second attack, 1281 A storm strikes after the Mongol landing  These storms are the original kamikaze 神風

3. Turbulence and power shift  Government by warrior council Less and less able to hold on to power  Eventually fails due to Fallout from the Mongol invasion Internal competition An attempted imperial restoration  1333, the Ashikaga clan takes power Rule based on relationships rather than land

4. The rise of the Daimyō 大名  Rule by relationship gradually fails Power devolves to provincial warlords: the Daimyō  1485: Japan enters a period of disunity Daimyō struggle to maintain and expand holdings  The “Era of Warring Provinces” Not all conflict, however  The autonomous city of Sakai also appears

5. The Three Unifiers: Nobunaga  The first unifier: Oda Nobunaga  Humble origins  A fierce and charismatic warrior  Burned Tendai headquarters  Assassinated before he could complete unification

6. The Three Unifiers: Hideyoshi  The second unifier: Toyotomi Hideyoshi  Also humble origins  More skilled at management  Embarked on ruinous invasion of the mainland  Sought imperial ranks  Died leaving no heir Administration left to a ruling council

7. The Three Unifiers: Ieyasu  The third unifier: Tokugawa Ieyasu  Minamoto pedigree  Solid power base in East  Easily defeated challengers  Established government in Edo  Regularized oversight of warriors

8. Tokugawa 徳川 administration  How to control the daimyō? Public works and corvée requirements Alternate attendance system  How to control the populace? A new kind of rule by status –Warrior –Farmer –Artisan –Merchant

9. Tokugawa culture 1600-1868  Alternate attendance leads to commerce  Peace leads to commerce  Commerce leads to more urbanization Economic diversification Rise in literacy and popular publishing  The figure of the townsman As in Love Suicide at Amijima