2. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Hunger And The Global Environment Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Chapter 20

3. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Imagine: You often go hungry. Your children say they’re hungry but you know there’s not enough food in the house. Your children go to bed hungry and dream of food. You frequently skip meals because you lack food, money transportation and kitchen appliances.

4. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Hunger Facts: 1 in every 5 people worldwide experiences persistent hunger. One person dies of starvation every 2 seconds. In the U.S.: 36 million people; 1 out of every 5 children, lives in poverty

5. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Food insecurity: The limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods Food poverty: Hunger occurring when there is enough food in an area but cannot be obtained due to a lack of money, deprivation, war or other problems

6. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Hunger In The United States Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

7. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Feeding the hungry—in the United States.

8. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Food Assistance 1 out of every 6 Americans receives food assistance of some kind. Total cost: $40 billion/ year Still, the hunger problem is not solved.

9. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Federal Food Assistance Programs 1.WIC (Women Infants and Children) 2.The School Lunch Program; Breakfast and Childcare 3.Food Assistance for Older Adults; Meals on Wheels 4.The Food Stamp Program

10. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz National Food Recovery Programs Second Harvest: coordinates food pantries and emergency kitchens. Local food banks Community efforts: –Depend on volunteers –Serve the homeless, people in need, etc.

11. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Hunger Hotspots Note: Areas with stripes of color have multiple causes of hunger.

12. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Food Waste 96 billion pounds of food waste in the U.S/year 27% of the food produced is wasted

13. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Worldwide Food Shortages Famine: Extreme food shortage in an area that causes widespread starvation and death. Causes- 1. Political reasons 2. Armed conflict (war) 3. Natural Disasters

14. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Global Malnutrition Approximately 2 billion people are malnourished Mostly lacking in iron, iodine, Vitamin A and protein/ calorie malnutrition

15. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz In-text Figure Page 699 International efforts help to relieve hunger and poverty in Afghanistan and around the world.

16. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Overpopulation 6 billion (estimated) people live on Earth 90 million people are born each year

17. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz World Population Growth Mid-decade totals and projections Billion

18. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Years needed for the world’s population to reach its: 1 st Billion 2,000,000 years 2 nd Billion 105 years 3 rd Billion 30 years 4 th Billion 15 years 5 th Billion 12 years 6 th Billion 11 years

19. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Questions: Why is it that malnutrition is such a worldwide problem when we have an ample food supply? What will happen in the future?

20. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz The Cycle… The Problem? Population growth leads to hunger and poverty. Hunger and poverty lead to population growth. How can we stop this cycle?

21. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Poverty, Overpopulation, and Environmental Degradation Population growth— children needed to gather resources Environmental degradation— resources dwindle as the number of people needing food grows Hunger Poverty The interactions of poverty, overpopulation, and environmental degradation worsen hunger.

22. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Environmental Limitations Soil erosion, compaction and salinization Deforestation and desertification due to overgrazing Climate changes due to forest destruction Water pollution Extensive overgrazing Overfishing

23. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz In-text Figure Page 702 Without water, croplands become deserts.

24. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz In-text Figure Page 708 Progress toward Sustainable Food Production

25. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Solutions?… 1.Increase economic growth: sustainable development 2.Slow population growth: decrease the number of children in families 3.Make changes at home…

26. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Locally grown foods offer benefits to both the local economy and the global environment.

27. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Questions to think about: What is the earth’s carrying capacity? Will the population outgrow the food supply?

28. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz In-text Figure Page 705 Good planets are hard to find.