1. LIME TREATMENT APPLICATIONS at OMP
SUBGRADE STABILITY
and
LIME TREATMENT APPLICATIONS at OMP
Marshall Thompson, P.E.
Professor Emeritus – CE
University of U-C

7. SUBGRADE SOIL PROPERTIES
* STRENGTH (CBR/QU)
* MODULUS
* RUTTING RESISTANCE

10. 0.5-INCH RUT / CBR - 6
0.5 INCH / CBR -6

12. SOIL COMPACTION

13. MATERIAL COMPACTION

14. MATERIAL COMPACTION

19. MOISTURE – DENSITY - CBR
UofIL / IDOT PROCEDURE
COMPACT MOLD
CBR ON “FINISHED” MOLD

34. IMPROVED MATERIAL COVER REQUIREMENTS5 10 15 20 25 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9
Subgrade CBR
Required Thickness Above Subgrade
(inches)
Remedial
procedures
optional
Remedial Procedures Required
not needed

35. CE CONE PENETROMETER

36. CBR = CI / 40

38. PR – Penetration Ratio (inches/blow)
LOG (CBR) = 0.84 – 1.26 LOG (PR)
PR – Penetration Ratio (inches/blow)

39. Automated Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (ADCP)
University of Illinois ADCP with
its data acquisition system

51. MOISTURE – DENSITY CONTROL
DIFFICULTIES
DRYING EFFORTS = ???
DRYING DAY = ???
(TEMP / ET)
# DRYING DAYS ??

52. MOISTURE CONTROL IS
TEMPORARY SOLUTION!!!!!

53. “EQUILIBRIUM” CONDITIONS

55. LIME PRODUCTS

56. LIME PRODUCTION (RAW MATERIALS) CALCITE: CaCO3
DOLOMITE: Ca CO3 . MgCO3

59. SOME QL PARTICLE SIZES ARE << SMALL FOR HYDRATION
QUICKLIME (QL) FINES
SOME QL PARTICLE SIZES ARE << SMALL FOR HYDRATION
PRODUCT = QL FINES

60. FINELY-DIVIDED “DUST” FROM
LIME KILN DUST (LKD)
FINELY-DIVIDED “DUST” FROM
THE KILN STACKS

61. LKD COMPOSITION Some Kilns (15-20%) QL + “INERT MATERIAL”
+ SiO2
+ Al2O3
+ Calcite / Dolomite

65. FLOCCULATION & AGGLOMERATION
CATION EXCHANGE
FLOCCULATION & AGGLOMERATION
RAPID REACTION !!!!!
ALL FINE-GRAINED SOILS
WITH SIGNIFICANT CLAY!!

67. NOT ALL FINE-GRAINED SOILS ARE
“LIME REACTIVE” !!!!

68. UNDESIRABLE !!!!!!

69. IMMEDIATE EFFECTS

70. A-6 (11)

72. FLANAGAN-B
36% CLAY
PI –21
HOSMER-B
30% CLAY
PI-22

77. CURING EFFECTS

78. ~72°F

83. (CONSTRUCTION PROCESS)
CHECK MT. CARMEL
SAND & GRAVEL VIDEO
(CONSTRUCTION PROCESS)

85. (CHECK PI / CARBONATES)
OMP SOIL SAMPLES
* 61 BUCKETS
* % CLAY RANKING
(CHECK PI / CARBONATES)
* VISUAL INSPECTION
* SELECTED BUCKETS
(FOUR GROUPS)

86. Grouping Of Soils GROUP 1 GROUP 2 Soil Description Boring No. Bucket
Depth
Soil Description
Clay % LL PI
Silt
GROUP 1
MT 14 20
5'-10'
Gray SILTY CLAY with Sand
17.6 22 6
54.8
MT 16 17
1'-5'
Brown and Gray SANDY LEAN CLAY
19.2 30
35.4
MT 4 43
1'-4'
Gray LEAN CLAY with sand
22.1 24 8
52.4
MT 3 54
29'-33'
Gray SANDY LEAN CLAY 11
39.7
GROUP 2 52
6'-10'
22.8 25
44.5 51
2'-6'
23.5 27 12
49.9 44
8'-12'
23.7
42.9
MT 5 50
33'-36'
25.3 28 10
41.6

87. GROUP 3 GROUP 4 Boring No. Bucket No. Depth Soil Description Clay % LLPI
Silt %
GROUP 3
MT 5 47
1'-5'
Gray LEAN CLAY with sand 29 33 13
43.2
MT 15 32
Gray LEAN CLAY with Sand
29.2 24 9
41.4
MT 10 36
29.4 11
39.3
MT 13 3
16'-20'
29.7 17 50
GROUP 4
MT 17
18'-21'
Brown and Gray LEAN CLAY with Sand
39.4 41
39.7
MT 8 16
30'-34' 38 19
43.3
MT 12 12
30'-35'
41.9 46 26
42.6
MT 6 27
6'-10'
43.7 44 18

88. LIME LAB TESTING PROGRAM
M-D-CBR (0 & 5% LIME)
QU (0 & 5% LIME)
12O°F)
RESILIENT MODULUS (0 & 5% LIME)
LIME TYPE EFFECT
% LIME EFFECT

89. LIME PRODUCTS TYPE: QUICKLIME FINES LIME KILN DUST (LKD) SOURCE:
BUFFINGTON, IN
SOUTH CHICAGO, IL

90. Moisture-Density Results for Group 2 Soils95
100
105
110
115
120
125 10 13 16 19 22 25
Moisture Content %
Dry Density (pcf)
0% Lime
5% Lime
OMC =14.1%
OMC=16%

91. CBR Results for Group 2 Soils10 20 30 40 50 60 12 14 16 18 22 24
Moisture Content %
CBR
0% Lime
5% Lime
OMC = 16%
OMC = 14.1%

92. BEST OPTION
LIME TREATMENT