1. Wind Atlas for Egypt: measurements, micro- and mesoscale modelling Niels G. Mortensen, Jake Badger & J. Carsten Hansen Wind Energy Department Risø National Laboratory 2006 EWEC 1 March 2006

2. Acknowledgements The ”Wind Atlas for Egypt” is the result of a team effort: New and Renewable Energy Authority, Cairo Laila Georgy Youssef (PM), Usama Said Said, Ashour Abd El-Salam Moussa, Mohammad Akmal Mahmoud Egyptian Meteorological Authority, Cairo Ahmed El Sayed Yousef (PM), Adel Mahmoud Awad, Mahmoud Abd-El Raheem Ahmed, Mohamed A.M. Sayed, Mohamed Hussein Korany, Metwally Abd-El Baky Tarad Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde Bo H. Jørgensen, Charlotte B. Hasager, Uwe S. Paulsen, Ole F. Hansen, Karen Enevoldsen Funding provided by NREA, EMA and Danida Support provided by NREA, EMA and Risø staff

3. Wind Atlas for Egypt overview Meteorological measurements Design and installation of 22 met. stations Site selection, O&M and data analysis Rehabilitation and recalibration of anemometers Micro-scale modelling (WAsP) Terrain descriptions for 30+ met. station sites WAsP modelling of 30+ met. stations sites Meso-scale modelling (KAMM) NCEP/NCAR wind climatologies Terrain descriptions for all of Egypt KAMM modelling of Egypt and 4 regions Verification – measurements and models Compilation and publication of Wind Atlas for Egypt

5. Meteorological mast in Zafarana 25-m lattice tower, concrete foundation Top-pole mounting to avoid flow distortion

6. Hurghada Cup Anemometer Calibration Facility 10 anemometers being calibrated – reference anemometer in middle position:

7. Microscale modelling Analysis procedure  (WAsP) Observed Wind Climate + sheltering obstacles + roughness map (GE, SWBD) + elevation map (SRTM 3)  Regional Wind Climate Application procedure  (WAsP) Regional Wind Climate + sheltering obstacles + roughness map + elevation map  Predicted Wind Climate + power and thrust curves  Predicted wind farm AEP

8. Katamaya elevation map from SRTM 3 data 20  20 km with 10-m contours 2  2 km with 1-m contours

9. Alexandria roughness map from Google Earth SRTM Water Body Data coastline

10. Egyptian regional wind climates 30 met. stations WAsP modelling Graph shows RWC Mean wind speed and power density 50 m a.g.l. Flat, uniform terrain with z 0 = 0.03 m Output format: WAsP *.lib file Weibull A and k Standard heights Standard z 0

11. Gulf of Suez regional wind climates Graph shows RWC Mean wind speed and power density 50 m a.g.l. Flat, uniform terrain with z 0 = 0.03 m

12. Probably the best wind farm site in the world… Hub height 50 m: U > 11 ms -1 P > 1100 Wm -2 CF ~ 70% FLH ~ 6000 h 100’s of km 2 …

13. Mesoscale modelling KAMM modelling NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data + roughness map (GLCC) + elevation map (GTOPO30)  KAMM Predicted Wind Climate Inverse application procedure KAMM Predicted Wind Climate + terrain descriptions  Regional Wind Climate Application procedure  (WAsP) Regional Wind Climate + terrain descriptions  Predicted Wind Climate + power and thrust curves  Predicted wind farm AEP

14. New wind resource map of Egypt Map shows PWC KAMM modelling Resolution 7.5 km Mean wind speed 50 m a.g.l. [ms -1 ] NCEP/NCAR data GTOPO30 elevation GLCC land cover Terrain features may give higher wind speeds locally! Output formats: map graphics statistics

15. …and Egyptian offshore wind resources Map shows PWC KAMM modelling Resolution 7.5 km Mean wind speed 50 m a.g.l. [ms -1 ]

16. Regional wind climate Map shows RWC Wind climate over flat, uniform terrain KAMM modelling Resolution 7.5 km Mean wind speed 50 m a.g.l. [ms -1 ] Database of RWC’s Output format: WAsP *.lib file Weibull A and k Standard heights Standard z 0 ’s

18. Verification: Western Desert

20. Verification – Gulf of Suez

21. Verification – summary DomainGrid sizeMean abs. error All stationsSelected stations [km][%] Western Egypt7.512.4  Eastern Egypt7.5 7.6  Northwest Coast5.0 5.2  Western Desert5.0 3.1  Gulf of Suez5.0 9.45.6 Red Sea5.010.54.4

22. Wind Farm Planning Wind Atlas for Egypt Bird Migration Atlas Maps & other data §§ Legislation Master plans EIA GUIDELINES APPROVALS

23. The future… Numerical wind atlas (KAMM/WAsP) Long-term data (1968-95) – infrequent updating ok Observational wind atlas Some reference met. stations should continue New measurement programmes may be initiated Cup anemometers must be rehabilitated and recalibrated Databases can be updated and extended Wind Atlas for Egypt can be updated Conclusions wind ressource assessment, siting and wind farm planning can now be done within hours anywhere in Egypt present approach to wind resource assessment and siting in Egypt may be continued for several years