0. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
Achieving the Vision: From VII to IntelliDriveSM

1. Original vision for Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII):
Achieving the Vision
Original vision for Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII):
Dramatic safety improvements
Promise of revolutionary mobility improvements
Achieved through wireless communication with & between vehicles
This vision remains the same!

2. Achieving the Vision – VII
The Original Plan
Infrastructure was a central prerequisite
Nationwide deployment
Extensive number of installations
Why?
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications promised dramatic safety gains
But, it would take years for fleet turnover to realize big benefits
Infrastructure deployment thru vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) was a way to get benefits more quickly.
Both V2V and V2I required a DSRC in the vehicle and infrastructure
Safety messages only used part of the bandwidth. Other applications – mobility & convenience – could also be accommodated with the same DSRC radio.
A sound starting point, but:
Would it work technically?
Could it be practically implemented?
Proof of Concept (POC) Test

3. Achieving the Vision – VII Proof of Concept
Given the assumptions about VII, the proof of concept test focused on:
Message exchanges using DSRC at 5.9 GHz
Testing of draft DSRC standards
“Stub” (partially developed) applications. Did not build or test full applications
Small number of cars & only cars
V2I-focused because of original assumptions
POC proved that the basic technical concept would work.
But could it be practically implemented?

4. Achieving the Vision – Could VII Be Practically Implemented?
The Chicken and Egg Problem
Why should Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) invest without the infrastructure?
Without infrastructure, how could benefits be realized quickly?
How could infrastructure be deployed?
About 300,000 Roadside Equipment (RSE) needed nationwide to support all envisioned applications.
Could infrastructure be installed quickly?
Who will be responsible for operations and maintenance of the RSE?
Who would provide the financial investment?
How could thousands of jurisdictions be engaged in deployment?
Three Big Dilemmas
What comes first – vehicles or infrastructure?
How do we get adequate penetration in the vehicle fleet to realize benefits?
How do we deploy the infrastructure?

5. In the Meantime – An Explosion of Wireless Technology
Proliferation of “smartphones” and other personal/mobile computing/communication devices (e.g, Blackberry; iPhone, etc)
Greatly expanded communication capabilities provided by cellular telephone technology (i.e., 3rd Generation or 3G networks supporting text, voice and video data transmission at higher speeds)
Applications capable of providing location-specific information (e.g., GPS-based; cellular-based location services such as shopping, weather, etc)
Data Virtualization – Cloud computing and ubiquitous access
Access to real-time information, search capabilities

6. Same Vision – New Pathways
The vision has not changed – still safety, mobility and convenience through wireless technology
We must determine the optimal pathway (s) to realize the vision

7. Same Vision – New Pathways
Original Strategy
Evolving Strategy

8. Safety Applications – The Game Changers
Non-impaired
Crashes:
Two scenarios
Within the U.S. to definition of the term “VII” is being broadened in scope to include multiple communication technologies. The purpose of this slide is to show how much of the safety problem can be addressed by the various cooperative systems.
The pie charts show the percent of total crashes (2007 GES) that are addressed by the various cooperative systems.
This is the crash population addressed we do not have effectiveness numbers yet
Vehicle to Vehicle communications can address the majority of crash scenarios
Vehicle to Infrastructure can address some of the same scenarios such as entering a curve at an unsafe speed. And V-I can actually address some scenarios that V-V can not such as Signal Violations at intersections
Both of these systems have the potential for a high payoff in imminent crash situations. But in the imminent crash scenarios DSRC is needed.
A new set of applications is under development that basically improve a drivers situational awareness. These will be applicable to crashes related to factors such as weather. SO their effectiveness will overlap with the other cooperative systems. The benefit of these systems is that they do not have the strict requirements of active safety systems and this will enable them to leverage the new technologies coming out of the consumer electronics industry.
12%
76%
100

9. Safety Applications: The Game Changers
Research Questions
Which comes first – cars or infrastructure?
For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential
Outcome of regulatory assessment may suggest that vehicle installation comes first

10. Same Vision – New Pathways
Original Strategy
Evolving Strategy

11. Safety Applications: The Game Changers
Research Questions
Which comes first – cars or infrastructure?
For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential
Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation comes first
How do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit?
Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, & power) may offer opportunities
“Here I Am” messages
Different functionality, and easier to deploy
Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clear

12. Same Vision – New Pathways
Original Strategy
Evolving Strategy

13. Safety Applications: The Game Changers
Research Questions
Which comes first – vehicles or infrastructure?
For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential
Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation comes first
How do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit?
Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, & power) may offer opportunities
“Here I Am” messages
Different functionality, and easier to deploy
Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clear
How do we deploy infrastructure?
V2V may not require DSRC wireless connectivity to roadway infrastructure ; Other wireless communication may be sufficient
Infrastructure may become a spot safety application
Signals, curves, other sites
DSRC data can be integrated into mobility applications

14. Non-DSRC DSRC DSRC Same Vision – New Pathways
Roadside Equipment to handle non-DSRC communications
Does V2V require DSRC Infrastructure?
If so, how much, where?
If not, what are other infrastructure requirements?
Non-DSRC
DSRC
DSRC

15. DSRC DSRC Same Vision – New Pathways
What is the effectiveness of signal, phase & timing (SPaT) applications?
Besides SPaT, what are other infrastructure applications?
What are the infrastructure requirements?
How is data integrated for mobility applications?
DSRC
DSRC

16. Same Vision – New Pathways
Original Strategy
Evolving Strategy

17. Same Vision – New Pathways
Original Strategy
Evolving Strategy

18. Technical Issues: Potential Game Changers
Research Questions:
What are the infrastructure requirements for V2V data security?
Is DSRC required to connect vehicles to infrastructure for data security functionality?
Are other communication technologies adequate?
How much and what type of infrastructure is needed for data security?
Is positioning technology adequate?
V2V requires relative positioning; V2I requires absolute positioning
Potential issues between differing GPS manufacturers
Will IntelliDriveSM scale to accommodate all vehicles?
Will DSRC radio channel switching (for safety & non-safety applications) work? Or, will a separate safety radio be required?
Security messages may use significant communication overhead

19. Policy Issues: Evolving Research Needs
Privacy
Governance
Funding
Deployment approach
Data Ownership
Certification
Sustainability,
Risk & Liability

20. Not To Lose Sight of Weather & Environment
Weather and Environmental Applications:
All require data from vehicle systems
May NOT require DSRC - Research Question
Will need to transmit data to infrastructure to a data processing entity
What data?
How frequently?
To whom?
For what use?
Research Questions

21. Same Vision – New Pathways
Original Strategy
Evolving Strategy

22. Same Vision – New Pathways22

23. Summary – VII to IntelliDriveSM
Vision remains the same
New technology developments & research findings give us new pathways to the same vision
DSRC capabilities are essential for safety (V2V & V2I)
DSRC in aftermarket devices may be a way to accelerate benefits
Non-DSRC data can be used now for mobility
Technical issues remain that could be game changers
DSRC for all uses (safety, mobility, weather and environment) may converge over time
We need to hold the vision as research reveals the optimal pathway