1. TOPIC: Reproduction & Development AIM: How do living things reproduce asexually?

2. All types of asexual reproduction involve MITOSIS

3. 1.What type of organisms do these cartoon creatures represent? 2.Why does the younger organism look like both adult organisms?

4. 1.Binary Fission: Unicellular organisms Mitosis  2 new identical offspring

5. EQUAL DIVISION of cytoplasm Ameba, paramecium, bacteria…

7. 2.Budding: Mitosis  UNEQUAL division of cytoplasm

8. New organism (bud) smaller than parent but has same # of chromosomes Ex: hydra, yeast

11. 3.Sporualtion Formation of spores Cells that divide by mitosis into new organism

12. Ex: Bread mold, mushrooms…

13. 4. Regeneration: a. Ability to regrow lost body parts b. New organism forms from part of the parent

14. Ex: starfish, lobsters, lizards, planaria

15. Regeneration of the freshwater planaria (flatworm) This flatworm can be cut into as many as thirty-two pieces and it can rebuild itself into thirty-two complete flatworms.

17. Salamanders: Salamanders can regenerate legs. When a salamander is in the larval stage, it can regenerate a limb in thirty to forty days! Adult salamanders can also regenerate limbs, but it takes much longer and the leg is not as large as the original one.

18. Lizards: Lizards have the ability to replace lost limbs or a lost tail. This is important because when a predator such as a hawk captures the tail, the lizard can escape. The new tail lacks the backbone of the original tail.

19. Frogs: A younger frog can regenerate limbs to a better extent than an adult frog. For example, the tadpole can regenerate its hind limbs.

20. Earthworm: When the worm is cut into two pieces, the head grows a new tail. Interestingly, the tail grows another tail if the portion cut off is larger than 15-20 segments. With two tails, this portion dies.

21. Crayfish: Cray fish can regrow claws, pinchers, or legs. It is easy to recognize the regenerated part because it is smaller than the other parts. Just like the lizard, it can break off a claw or leg so that it can escape when captured by a predator.

22. 5. Vegetative Propagation Asexual Rep in plants NO SEEDS Part of plant grows into new plant by mitosis

23. Types: a. Runners =Stems that grow over surface of soil –Ex: Strawberries

25. b. Bulbs = underground stems for food storage –Ex: tulips, onions

26. c. Tubers = enlarged part of underground stem that store food –Ex: Potatoes

27. 6. Artificial Vegetative Propagation Occurs as a result of human activities Types:

28. a. Cuttings = any part from roots, stems, or leaves that can develop into new plants by MITOSIS

29. b. Grafting = cutting from one plant attached to stem of another plant –Ex: Seedless Oranges

31. Graft at 2 months Graft at 4 months Graft at one year Graft at three years