1. [ 7.4 ] The New Deal

2. Learning Objectives Describe President Hoover’s response to the Great Depression. Explain how President Roosevelt played an active role in fighting the Great Depression. Identify the contributions of Texas leaders John Nance Garner and Sam Rayburn during the Great Depression. Explain why some people were critical of New Deal policies.

3. [ 7.4 ] The New Deal Key Terms Herbert Hoover Hoovervilles Franklin Delano Roosevelt New Deal John Nance Garner ensure Sam Rayburn lobbyists expansion

4. Hoover and the Great Depression Herbert Hoover became President in March 1929. Only a few months into his term the stock market crashed. An economic depression soon gripped America. Hoover believed this downturn would not last and that the United States would soon prosper.

5. Hoover and the Great Depression This Texan worker lived at a migrant camp near Harlingen. Americans called the makeshift settlements “Hoovervilles” after the unpopular U.S. President whom they blamed for the Depression.

6. FDR and the New Deal In the 1932 presidential election, the Democratic candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) defeated Hoover by a wide margin. In Texas, almost 9 out of 10 voters chose Roosevelt. The new President promised to put the country back to work. Roosevelt’s words offered hope.

7. FDR and the New Deal More Government Involvement Federal Funding The New Deal

8. FDR and the New Deal President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved quickly to address the bank crisis after taking office. One step he took was temporarily closing banks across the nation.

9. FDR and the New Deal Analyze Information Based on this infographic, what do you think was the most signficant long-term effect of the New Deal in Texas? Support your answer with evidence from the infographic.

10. Texas Leaders and the New Deal New Deal programs helped ease some of the suffering in Texas. Federal money helped the state government. Texas benefited from a wide range of New Deal programs, like the WPA and the CCC. Many Texas politicians helped bring New Deal programs to Texas.

11. Texas Leaders and the New Deal John Nance Garner Jesse Jones Sam Rayburn Lyndon B. Johnson

12. Texas Leaders and the New Deal Texas Democrat John Nance Garner became U.S. Vice President under President Roosevelt in 1933.

13. Criticism of New Deal Policies The New Deal was popular with most Americans during FDR’s first term as President. He easily won reelection in 1936. However, in Roosevelt’s second term, he lost some of his popularity. So did the New Deal. Many people believed the President had grown too powerful. FDR alarmed many people when he tried to “pack” the Supreme Court in 1937 with justices who supported him. Roosevelt tried to do this because the Court had struck down many of his New Deal programs. In the end, FDR’s court plan failed to gain approval from Congress.

14. Criticism of New Deal Policies This political cartoon shows two opponents of the New Deal surrounded by headlines detailing the era’s successes. Analyze Political Cartoons What point of view on the New Deal does this cartoon support?

15. Quiz: Hoover and the Great Depression President Hoover was unwilling to provide much federal aid at the beginning of the depression because he A. was afraid that the government would run out of money. B. felt that giving people aid would violate states’ rights. C. was not aware of how many people were unemployed. D. thought that giving people money might keep them from looking for work.

16. Quiz: FDR and the New Deal One key to President Roosevelt’s New Deal was A. his willingness to spend federal money to help people. B. the sharp reduction in government programs during the crisis. C. his insistence that the Great Depression was not a serious problem. D. the collapse of the nation’s banks.

17. Quiz: Texas Leaders and the New Deal John Nance Garner initially supported Roosevelt’s New Deal policies, but later he felt that the New Deal A. had not done enough to help people. B. had become too focused on welfare programs. C. had become too focused on helping businesses. D. had not done enough to stabilize the banking system.

18. Quiz: Criticism of New Deal Policies Roosevelt lost some of his popularity during his second term because many people A. were disappointed in his failure to pack the Supreme Court. B. believed that the President had become too powerful. C. believed that Roosevelt focused too much on states’ rights. D. felt that Hoover had actually done more to help people.