1. Habilitation à diriger les recherches
Laboratoires Arc Electrique et Plasmas Thermiques
ANDRE Pascal
Habilitation à diriger les recherches
Spécialité:
Physique des plasmas et électrotechnique

2. 1997-01 Maître de Conférences
Curriculum Vitae
1987 Bac C
1992 DEA de Physique (U.B.P)
D.U.
Etude de la composition et des propriétés thermodynamiques des plasmas hors d’équilibre thermodynamique 
Université Blaise Pascal, LAEPT.
Directeur de thèse : Pr. A. Lefort
Post-doc LAEPT
Bourse d’excellence régionale
A.T.E.R.
à l’U.F.R. sciences (U.B.P.)
Maître de Conférences
à l’U.F.R. Sciences (U.B.P.) en 63ème section.
Licence E.E.A.

3. Industrial Contracts SODEBOR, EDF
(Contrat n°: E8360/AEE 2142 ; terminé en 1998)
 Real time detection of metallic species and complex organic species in a fluidized bed.
GIAT Industries (Contrat n° DCAL/GO/97.505)
 Experimental and theoretical study of a plasma torch igniting gun propellant.
GIAT Industries (Contrat débutant en janvier 2001)
  Theoretical study of a low energy plasma
Groupement d’étude des fusibles en moyenne tension
(Schneider Electric, Alstom, Ferraz Shawmut, EDF)
Composition, thermodynamic properties, transport coefficients at thermal equilibrium of Ag, SiO2 mixture.

4. University Collaboration
Laboratoire de Sciences des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitement de Surface
UMR 6638 du CNRS, Université de Limoges, 123, avenue Albert Thomas, F LIMOGES CEDEX
Calculation of the composition, thermodynamic properties and transport coefficients in plasmas out of thermal equilibrium.
A.F. Ioffe Phys.-Techn. Inst. Rus. Acad. Sci.
Politechnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg, Russia
Experimental and theoretical study of a discharge with non-metallic electrodes.

5. Co-guiding of students
Ph.D. (With Prof. A. Lefort)
Ondet J. (D.U. 1062, Dec. 98)
Pollutants detection with an I.C.P. torch
Duffour E. (D.U. 1250, Dec. 00)
Plasma interacting with an insulating wall
Vacher D. (Juin 02)
Barbara H. (Juin 02)
Continuum radiation
Stages de D.E.A. (4)
Stages CNAM (3)

6. Publications
Publications in international journals with referee:
21: published
2: submit
Communications in congress: 18
Industrial reports: 3

7. Work Organisation (Directeur A. Lefort)
E.T.C.
André P.
GIAT
D.N.M.L.E
Shkoln’ik S.
IOFFE
I.C.P.
Faure G.
G.F.M.T.
Bussière W.
André P. (SPCTS)
Composition,
Transport Coef.
Molecular Spectroscopy
Instrumentations:
Pressure, Optical, Electrical.
Picard J.P.
Capacitor Bank
Duffour E. (LTSP)
Molecular Dynamic
Measurements
Vacher D.
ICP Measurements
Fluidized-bed
Rochette D. (LMA)
Modelisation
Barbara H.
Continuum radiation

8. Plasma out of thermal equilibrium. (with SPCTS, Limoges)
gas high temperature
ions, electrons, neutral particles
Translational temperature:
Electrons mobility >> Heavy species mobility
Te->>Th
Boltzmann distribution:
Electronic excitation level: Tex
Rotational level : Trot
Vibrational level: Tvib

9. Plasma out of thermal equilibrium. (with SPCTS, Limoges)
Composition calculation (SPCTS, Limoges)
Collisionnal radiative model
Van de Sanden et al (new function)
Potapov (Gibbs Free Energy minimisation)
Richley-Tuma (pseudo-kinetic) T*
Theorem H de Boltzmann
Second law of thermodynamic
Gradients, applied forces+Stable in time
Gibbs energy minimisation Idem as Giordano
Application
Plasma Coupled Inductively
Discharge with Liquid Non-Metallic Electrodes

10. Plasma out of thermal equilibrium.
(with SPCTS, Limoges)
Transport Coefficients
V. Rat : D.U. 5 juillet 2001 à Limoges
Bracket Integrals: A, B, A’, B’

11. Inductively Coupled Plasma
Purposes:
Real time detection
Avoid calibration
Fluidized Bed Characterisation
Control of the combustion
Applications:
Coal thermal power station (EDF)
Incinerator

12. Inductively Coupled Plasma
Spectrometer
ICP
(64 MHz)
Oven (1000 K)

13. Inductively Coupled Plasma
500 W, (Ar+CuSO4, 5 H2O)
1300 W, (Ar+CuSO4, 5 H2O)
Te/Th=1
Te/Th=1.5

14. Inductively Coupled Plasma
Excitational Temperature
(510, 515, 521 nm)
Thermal non-equilibrium parameter (Te/Th)

15. Measured Temperatures
Inductively Coupled Plasma
N2/O2
(% molaire)
Measured Temperatures
Obtained Temperatures
40/60
4010 +/- 350 K
3800 K
49,6/50,4
3960 +/- 350 K
3900 K
80/20
4810 +/- 250 K
Reference Temperature

16. Inductively Coupled Plasma
Perspectives:
Vacher D.: D.U. Juin 02
Fundamental
Energy transfert
Fluidized-Bed characterisation (+CNAM)
Application
Mixture of plastic
Animal flour

17. Discharge with Liquid Non-Metallic Electrodes
(With Ioffe inst., St Petersbourg)
-U0 1 3 2 5 R0 4 h L
1. Metallic current leads
2. Ceramics chutes
3. Tap water streams
4. Moveable probe
5. Discharge plasma
Self-maintained discharges
Volumetric (diffuse) form
Atmospheric pressure
Out of thermal equilibrium

18. Discharge with Liquid Non-Metallic Electrodes
(With Ioffe inst., St Petersbourg)
Spectroscopic Measurements (N2 C3u )

19. Discharge with Liquid Non-Metallic Electrodes
(With Ioffe inst., St Petersbourg)
Probe measurements
Plasma potential distribution I65 mA, L6 mm (cylindrical probe).
1 -    Water cathode
2 -     Water anode
Probe characteristics
flat probe faced to the cathode 
Ion branches of probe characteristics nions

20. Discharge with Liquid Non-Metallic Electrodes
(With Ioffe inst., St Petersbourg)
Probe measurements +Microwave sounding
nc  (1.52.0)1018 m‑3 near the cathode na  (0.91.2)1018 m‑3 near the anode

21. Discharge with Liquid Non-Metallic Electrodes
(With Ioffe inst., St Petersbourg)
Near the anode : 3.2
Near the cathode: 2.2
Perspectives
Add copper : Tex
Electrical conductivity out of thermal equilibrium
Heat the water

22. Plasma interacting with an insulating wall
(with GIAT industries)
Purpose:
Ignite the propulsive powder by plasma

23. Plasma interacting with an insulating wall
(with GIAT industries)
Tests before real bomb tests
Axial Projection
Radial Projection
Pressure, Spectroscopy, Current, Tension

24. Plasma interacting with an insulating wall
(with GIAT industries)
PE; Vinit = 340 V
POM; Vinit= 340 V
Graphite fraction
Electrical set up

25. Plasma interacting with an insulating wall
(with GIAT industries)
PE; Vinit = 340 V
POM; Vinit= 340 V
Pressure
PE: 1kg/m3

26. Plasma interacting with an insulating wall
(with GIAT industries)
Temperature from copper spectral lines
Spectra from 430 to 530 nm.
Time ~ 1.14 ms.
Temperature: ~7000 K to ~10000 K

27. Plasma interacting with an insulating wall
(with GIAT industries)
Wall Surface after interaction (M.E.B.)
Copper droplet
Expansion of Copper
PE+Cu (1%); P=1atm.

28. Plasma interacting with an insulating wall
(with GIAT industries)
Main process during the interaction?
Composition of plasma ?
Boundary conditions ?
Molecular dynamic simulation (D.U. Duffour)
All interactions between atoms

29. Plasma interacting with an insulating wall
(with GIAT industries)

30. Plasma interacting with an insulating wall
Perspectives:
Interpretation manipulation
UI internal energy
U/I electrical conductvity
pression, temperature, ablated mass
Micro- plasma : air-bag in cars
Microwave igniter (GORF)
D.M. : pressure, thermal conductivity
Torche modelisation
Cicuit breakers (GEC Alstom) E. Duffour

31. Team working together at the LAEPT
Conclusion
Team working together at the LAEPT
Contracts from industries
Schneider Electric,
Alstom,
Ferraz Shawmut,
GIAT.
University Collaborations
G.I.S. du Massif Central: Pôle Matériaux
(16 laboratories)