1. Business Planning Project: High Resolution Elevation Data Presentation to Elevation Stakeholders Rich Grady, President AppGeo April 2013 Nevada Geographic Information Society

2. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 2 Agenda Who are we? Why are we here? Discussion

3. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 3 Who are we? Nevada Geographic Information Society Applied Geographics, Inc. (AppGeo)

4. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 4 Nevada Geographic Information Society NGIS is 23 years old, with members from many parts of the state, and both public and private sector representation http://www.ngis.org/ Non-Profit organization with Officers: – President: Moni Fox, GISP (Washoe County) – Vice President: Lisa Desautels (Graphic Imaging Services, Inc.) – Treasurer: Gary Johnson, GISP (University of Nevada, Reno) – Secretary: Karin Hagan (Kleinfelder) – Past President: Matt Krok, GISP (City of Henderson) – Board Officers: Steve Mesa (National Geospatial Intelligence Agency) Karla Chavez (City of North Las Vegas) Mark O'Brien (Bureau of Land Management) Adam Johnson (Gnomon, Inc.) Eric Schmidt, GISP (Douglas Co., NV) Don Harper (US Fish & Wildlife)

5. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 5 AppGeo background… Focus on State & Local Government customers Over 600 GIS/Spatial-IT projects since 1991, in 35 states plus DC and USVI GIS professionals focused on delivering results  Project Managers & Consultants  Application Developers (.NET, C#, VB.NET, Web Services, HTML)  GIS Application Developers (ESRI, Open Source, Google)  Database Specialists (Oracle, SQL Server, MS-Access, PostgreSQL)  GIS Analysts (Data development, Map production, Geoanalytics)  Systems Support (Windows, Cloud-based System Integration) Strategic Planning Data Services System Inte- gration App Develop- ment Support Services Under Contract to NGIS on the Business Planning Project

6. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 6 Why are we here? To provide an overview of the NGIS Business Planning project for High Resolution “Enhanced Elevation” Data To provide a brief overview of LiDAR basics as an acquisition method for enhanced elevation To review and discuss NGIS On-line Survey Results

7. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 7 What is the NGIS Business Planning Project? Two parallel tracks: – Geospatial Parcels Data Business Plan – Enhanced Elevation Data Business Plan Funding courtesy of a Cooperative Agreement Program (CAP) grant from the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Part of a national Fifty States Initiative catalyzed by the National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC)

8. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 8 What is the NGIS Business Planning Project? Oversight and project assistance provided by the Nevada Geographic Information Society (NGIS) Contractor support from AppGeo Timeline (Autumn 2012-2013) – Data Gathering – Plan Development – Presentation of Findings and Recommendations

9. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 9 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR 101: Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Data

10. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 10 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Description Light Detection and Ranging – Before LiDAR: RaDAR – Efficient – Cost Effective for Enhanced Elev. – Accurate Direct Measurements – Multiple Platforms – Multiple Applications

11. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 11 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Basics A pulse of light energy is emitted and the precise time is recorded. The reflection of that pulse is detected and the precise time is recorded. Knowing the speed of light, the range can be determined. Knowing the position & attitude of the sensor, the XYZ coordinate of the target can be calculated.

12. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 12 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Process Chart

13. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 13 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Process Steps for a Project Planning Calibration Acquisition Pre-processing Post Processing Product Generation Data, Distribution, and Archival Management

14. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 14 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Preferred Capture Conditions Leaf Off Cloud free Fog Free Flood Free Snow Free Night or Day

15. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 15 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Platforms Mobile Terrestrial Airborne

16. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 16 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Components Global Positioning System Inertial Measurement Unit Laser Scanner

17. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 17 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Airborne platform variables RollPitchYaw

18. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 18 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation LiDAR Output – Points, Many points – Returns, Many Returns – Returns per Pulse – First, Interim, Last

19. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 19 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation LiDAR Output – Many points – Many Returns – First, Interim, Last – Point Cloud – Classified Point Cloud – e.g. ASPRS Classes

20. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 20 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Products LiDAR Output – Intensity Image – Breaklines – Contours – Elevation Model (Bare Earth) – Other Output

21. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 21 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Products Intensity Image – Monochrome – Illumination level of the returns are recorded – Raster product – GeoTiff

22. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 22 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Breaklines – Feature marking a change in the smoothness or continuity of a surface An abrupt change in elevation Stream, ridge, road, building

23. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 23 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Feature Delineation Contours

24. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 24 NGIS Business Planning Comparison of Resolution Bare Earth Elevation Model (100,50,25,5 feet)

25. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 25 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Products Surface Models

26. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 26 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Products Slope and Aspect

27. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 27 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Products Hillshade

28. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 28 NGIS Business Planning National Enhanced Elevation Assessment (NEEA) Functional Uses and Activities Mapping confined urban channels vs natural streams In the creation of seamless topo/bathy products Integration into the National Elevation Dataset Derivation of stream channel characteristics Mapping and monitoring coastal hazards Identify small hydrologic features (ditches, tile drain) Mapping fish habitat Characterizing wildlife habitat Identification of canopy gaps Flood inundation modeling Derivative hydrologic profiling Disaster response Fire science High-resolution floodplain mapping Characterization of canopy structure Defining drainage basins Jokulhaup monitoring Fault-rupture mapping Monitoring sea level rise Natural Hazards Identifying landslide-prone areas Creating topographic maps Glacier changes Carbon sequestration assessments Homeland security scenarios Delineation of canopy surface and forest metrics Determination of watershed characteristics Delineation of building structures Characterization of urban settings Monitoring long-term shoreline change Mapping land cover and land use Measuring earthquake deformation Delineation of volcanic structure Monitoring volcano hazards Urban mapping Powerline mapping Hydrologic Modeling Bare earth products Monitoring debris flows Wave height surveys Sedimentation into rivers Monitoring geomorphic processes Identification of ponding areas Mapping wetland drainage Creation of synthetic drainage networks Identifying culverts Transportation mapping 3-D visualization of buildings Volume visualization Identifying bird habitats

29. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 29 NGIS Business Planning LiDAR Process for Acquiring Enhanced Elevation Resolution and Accuracy – Nominal Point Spacing – Horizontal Accuracy – Vertical Accuracy – Anticipated Contour Equivalent – Elevation Model Cell Size – Intensity Image Cell Size

30. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 30 NGIS Business Planning Enhanced Elevation Quality Levels (e.g. USGS QL1-5) Quality Levels Elevation Source Horizontal Resolution Terms Vertical Accuracy Terms Point Density Nominal Pulse Spacing DEM Post Spacing RMSEz in Open Terrain * Equivalent Contour Accuracy QL 1 LiDAR 8 pts/m 2 0.35 m 1/27 arc-sec (~1 m) 9.25 cm 1-ft QL 2 LiDAR 2 pts/m 2 0.7 m 1/27 arc-sec (~1 m) 9.25 cm 1-ft QL 3 LiDAR 1 – 0.25 pts/m 2 1 – 2 m 1/9 arc-sec (~3 m) ≤18.5 cm 2-ft QL 4 Imagery 1 – 0.04 pts/m 2 1 – 5 m 1/3 arc-sec (~10 m) 46.3 cm – 139 cm 5 – 15 ft QL 5 IFSAR 0.04 pts/m 2 5 m 1/3 arc-sec (~10 m) 92.7 cm – 185 cm 10 – 20 ft

31. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 31 NGIS Business Planning Questions Before We Look at Elevation Survey Results Is anyone still wondering what we are talking about and why we are here? Can anyone describe a situation in their jurisdiction where they wish they could have had enhanced elevation data (i.e. better then what they had available)? Can anyone describe a situation where they did have enhanced elevation data, and how it positively made a difference?

32. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 32 NGIS Elevation Survey Results 78 Reponses – 58 in-state – 19 out of state Elevation Product Private Sector State Gov’tLocal Gov’t LiDAR or Derived Products Aware or Use It Aware, Not Using Use It DEMReliantUse It DTMUse ItAware or Reliant Use It Contour LinesUse ItReliantUse It Hydro Breaklines UnawareAware, Not Using Hillshades / Shaded Reliefs Use It Slope/AspectUse It

33. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 33 Respondent Breakdown 25 - Private Business 21 - State Government 14 - Local Government 10 - Federal Government 3 - Regional Entity 2 - Education Institution 1 - No-Profit 1 - Other 77 Total Respondents

34. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 34 Elevation Data Overview 97% of Respondent Use Elevation Data – 80% use it because it is already available – 43% have an essential need for the data and are willing to pay for it. 52% of Respondent’s are being underserved by their elevation data – 64% need more resolution – 49% need more current data – 51% have data coverage issues

35. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 35 Elevation Data Sharing 60% of private sector respondents do not share elevation products that have been paid for – Mineral Exploration Data Provides Competitive Advantage. 80% of State or Local government respondents either do not share or are unsure about sharing contracted elevation products – Bandwidth Issues, Liability Concerns, Contract Restrictions, Narrow Areas of Focus

36. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 36 NGIS Business Planning Questions for Discussion on Enhanced Elevation What does the State of Nevada need for enhanced elevation data? Why do we need it? Are there any substitutes that are good enough? How many people still rely primarily on USGS contours or digital elevation models (DEMs)? Are the capabilities to take advantage of enhanced elevation data out there in the counties and local governments?

37. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 37 NGIS Business Planning Questions for Discussion on Enhanced Elev. (Cont’d) What role should the private sector play? What role should the federal gov’t play? What role should the state play?

38. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 38 NGIS Business Planning Discussion Notes on Enhanced Elevation DISCUSSION NOTES

39. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 39 Quick Summary Business Planning is happening for: – Geospatial Parcel Data – High Resolution Elevation Data The NGIS on-line surveys captured preliminary input on current practices and impressions Interviews and outreach underway to learn what can work in Nevada for statewide data sets Business Plans will be written this summer Your input is valuable

40. ©2013 Applied Geographics, Inc.Slide 40 NGIS Business Planning Thank You! Rich Grady rgrady@appgeo.com