1. Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
Chapter 29
Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

2. Land plants evolved from another group of algae.
Page 600 of the textbook describes the many similarities between the Charophyta and the land plants (Embryophyta). Then on page 601 the textbook asserts that while this implies an evolutionary relationship, it is not necessarily true that the land plants evolved from the modern-day Charophyta. What is a likely alternative explanation?
Land plants evolved from another group of algae.
Both land plants and Charophyta have evolved from a more primitive group.
Land plants are the ancestors of Charophyta.
Land plants are paraphyletic.
Land plants are polyphyletic.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

3. The relationship between a gametophyte and a sporophyte in a liverwort is like the relationship between
a brother and a sister.
a grandparent and a grandchild.
an uncle and a nephew.
a parent and a child.
two cousins.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

4. Before land plants evolved, life on land probably consisted of rocks covered by thin films of cyanobacteria. This implies that before plants,
photosynthesis didn’t happen.
plants evolved from cyanobacteria.
rocks didn’t contain nutrients.
there were no eukaryotes.
terrestrial ecosystems were very simple.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

5. Plants that evolved vascular tissue are more advanced than plants without vascular tissue. One of the consequences is that vascular tissue enabled plants to
reproduce via spores.
store water.
move fluids.
develop stomata.
support gametophytes.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

6. One thing you should be able to conclude from the figure on page 607 of the textbook is that
gametophytes have less DNA than sporophytes.
gametophytes evolved before sporophytes.
gametophytes are less important than sporophytes.
gametophytes grow from sporophytes.
gametophyte cells reproduce by mitosis; sporophyte cells use only meiosis.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

7. The following graph (Figure 29
The following graph (Figure in your textbook) describes Richard Bowden’s experiment. If the two bars were the same height, we could conclude that moss
doesn’t use nitrogen.
gets its nitrogen from the soil.
doesn’t accumulate nitrogen.
gets its nitrogen from photosynthesis.
doesn’t affect other plants growing there.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

8. The bars in the graph (Figure 29. 10) are very different
The bars in the graph (Figure 29.10) are very different. The fact that, without moss, nitrogen loss is much higher implies that
Richard Bowden should have known moss was important.
sandy soils with moss probably have more nitrogen available than soils without moss.
moss is able to capture nitrogen from the atmosphere.
moss uses so much water that leaching doesn’t happen.
moss can’t grow back within two months.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

9. Stomata are found in every group of plants except the liverworts
Stomata are found in every group of plants except the liverworts. This is evidence that
liverworts resemble the most primitive plants.
liverworts don’t need to exchange gases with the atmosphere.
liverworts have lost the ability to make stomata.
liverworts are able to fix nitrogen.
gametophytes are more important in liverworts.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

10. The following figure (Figure 29.4 in your textbook) implies that
red algae and Chlorophytes form a monophyletic clade.
the three groups of algae (Red Algae, Chlorophytes, and Charophytes) should be in their own kingdom.
we don’t know what a plant is.
some scientists think that the plant kingdom should include the green algae.
red algae are an outgroup because they are not green.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

11. Several pieces of evidence exist that ferns are derived from more primitive plants. All of the below are cited as evidence except which?
homospory
stomata
megaphylls
separate free-living gametophytes
vascular tissue
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

12. On page 606 of the textbook we are told that protonema have a large surface area. From this, you can predict which of the following?
Protonema should be big.
Protonema probably are important in reproduction.
Protonema harvest protons.
Protonema have stomata and other openings.
Protonema are likely to absorb chemicals.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.