1. TOEFL READING types Factual Information question
Negative Factual Information question
Vocabulary question

2. Learning objectives
By the end of the session, the learners will be able:
Practice factual information questions
Negative factual questions
Vocabulary questions

3. Factual information questions
Identify the information that is specifically mentioned in the passage.
Asks you to verify what information is true
Examples
It is stated in paragraph ...
It is indicated in paragraph ...
It is mentioned in paragraph …

4. practice
A ghost word is a nonexistent word that has made its way into a reference work by mistake. One well-known example of a ghost word is the word Dord, which appeared in a 1934 American dictionary defined as density, as it is used in physics and chemistry. Dord was added to the dictionary when a typesetter who was making entries into the dictionary misread the entry 0 or d and typed it as Dord. In reality, the letter d (or its capitalized version) was used to refer to density in physics or chemistry. When the error was discovered, the ghost word Dord was removed from the dictionary.

5. According to paragraph 1, the word Dord:
has appeared in numerous physics and chemistry texts
b. was mistakenly added to a dictionary
c. can be used in physics and chemistry to refer to density
d. can still be found in dictionaries

6. practice
Not all ghost words are recognized as errors, removed from reference works, and forgotten. One example of a well-established ghost word is the word syllabus. The Roman writer Cicero had correctly used the Latin word syllabus in his writings to refer to the title and author label on a manuscript. In a 1470 edition of Cicero's works, syllabus was miswritten as syllabus; the miswritten ghost word syllabus has now achieved status as a commonly used word referring to an outline of the contents of a course.

7. It is indicated in paragraph 2 that the word syllabus
a. was used by Cicero b. today refers to a label on a manuscript c. came about as a misspelling of a different word d. appeared in dictionaries in the fourteenth century

8. How to answer Identify the key word or idea in the question
The paragraph is skimmed for the key word
Find the sentence that contains the relevant information
Eliminate obviously wrong answers

9. practice
This “atmospheric engine,” invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed outside the coal mines for which it had been designed. In the 1760s, James Watt perfected a separate condenser for the steam, so that the cylinder did not have to be cooled at every stroke; then he devised a way to make the piston turn a wheel and thus convert reciprocating (back and forth) motion into rotary motion.

10. According to paragraph , the atmospheric engine was slow because
(A) it had been designed to be used in coal mines
(B) the cylinder had to cool between each stroke
(C) it made use of expanding steam to raise the piston in its cylinder
(D) it could be operated only when a large supply of fuel was available

11. This “atmospheric engine,” invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed outside the coal mines for which it had been designed. In the 1760s, James Watt perfected a separate condenser for the steam, so that the cylinder did not have to be cooled at every stroke; then he devised a way to make the piston turn a wheel and thus convert reciprocating (back and forth) motion into rotary motion.

12. practice
In some industrial regions, heavily laden wagons with flanged wheels were being hauled by horses along metal rails; and the stationary steam engine was puffing in the factory and mine. Another generation passed before Inventors succeeded in combining these ingredients by putting the engine on wheels and the wheels on the rails, so as to provide a machine to take the place of the horse. Thus the railroad age sprang from what had already happened in the eighteenth century.

13. According to paragraph, which of the following statements is true about steam engines
(A) They were used for the production of paper but not for printing. (B) By 1800, significant numbers of them were produced outside of Britain. (C) They were used in factories before they were used to power trains. (D) They were used in the construction of canals and turnpikes.

14. Negative factual questions
These questions usually contain the words Except or Not as key words. You should look for the answer choice that is not mentioned.

15. practice
Early in the century, a pump had come into use in which expanding steam raised a piston in a cylinder, and atmospheric pressure brought it down again when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to form a vacuum. James Watt perfected a separate condenser for the steam. so that the cylinder did not have to be cooled at every stroke; then he devised a way to make the piston turn a wheel and thus convert reciprocating (back and forth) motion into rotary motion. He thereby transformed an inefficient pump of limited use into a steam engine of a thousand uses..

16. According to paragraph
According to paragraph. Watt’s engine differed from in each of the following ways except
(A) It used steam to move a piston in a cylinder. (B) It worked with greater speed. (C) It was more efficient in its use of fuel. (D) It could be used in many different ways.

17. Early in the century, a pump had come into use in which expanding steam raised a piston in a cylinder, and atmospheric pressure brought it down again when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to form a vacuum. James Watt perfected a separate condenser for the steam. so that the cylinder did not have to be cooled at every stroke; then he devised a way to make the piston turn a wheel and thus convert reciprocating (back and forth) motion into rotary motion. He thereby transformed an inefficient pump of limited use into a steam engine of a thousand uses..

18. Practice
Throughout the year, chimpanzee food is quite varied, but it is mainly vegetable material. At times, however, Gombe Park is loaded with insects—termites, ants, caterpillars—and the chimpanzees will eat huge numbers of them. The chimpanzees’ really remarkable behavior appears when they gather termites. According to Suzuki and van Lawick-Goodall, when chimpanzees see that termites have pushed open their tunnels on the surface, they will go off to find a suitable termiting tool. It may look simple, but the job takes skill and patience.

19. According to the passage , which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of chimpanzees’ diet
(A) Termites (B) Vegetable material (C) Ants (D) Mosquitoes

20. Vocabulary questions
Asks to identify the meanings of separate words and phrases as they are used in the passage.
A word may have more than 1 meaning but only one meaning will be relevant to the context.

21. Practice
The source had long been known but not exploited. The word exploited in paragraph is closest in meaning to (A) utilized (B) recognized (C) examined (D) fully understood

22. Practice
This “atmospheric engine,” invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles. The word vastly in paragraph is closet in meaning to (A) quickly (B) ultimately (C) greatly (D) initially

23. Practice
Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps and flickering candles, and early in the new century, well-to-do Londoners grew accustomed to gaslit houses and even streets. The phrase grew accustomed to in paragraph is closest in meaning to (A) began to prefer (B) wanted to have (C) became used to (D) insisted on