1. Recruitment... not rocket science... but no project gets off the ground without participants... Viv Maskrey & Annie Blyth Senior Research Associates University of East Anglia, Norwich

2. May 18, 2015 SHARPISH experience Investigators:Collaborators: F. Song 1 M. Adeney 6 R. Holland 1 T. Dyer 7 G. Barton 1 C. Slater 8 M. Bachmann 1 P. Aveyard 2 S. Sutton 3 J. Leonardi-Bee 4 T. Brandon 5 1. Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK 2. Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK 3. Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, UK 4. Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, UK 5. Tobacco Res and Intervention Program, University of South Florida, USA 6. SmokeFree Norfolk, Norfolk Community Health and Care Trust 7. Norwich CRTU 8. NHS Norfolk Stop Smoking Services

3. May 18, 2015 SHARPISH background NHS Stop Smoking services are cost-effective to help smokers stop smoking 50% of smokers who set a quit date stop smoking at 4 weeks (Judge 2005) However, smoking relapse is common among short-term quitters 75% of the 4-week quitters go back to regular smoking between 4 and 52 weeks (Ferguson 2005)

4. May 18, 2015 SHARPISH Study design Based on meta-analysis*, showing: Coping skills may reduce smoking relapse in people able to quit for at least one week A randomised, open, controlled study N = 1,400 (700 in each arm); study duration 3 years Quitters recruited by Specialist Stop Smoking Advisors Sending booklets to participants 2 telephone follow-up interviews (at 3 and 12 months) CO-test confirmation of abstinence at 12 months * (Song F, Huttunen-Lenz M, Holland R. Effectiveness of complex psycho-educational interventions for smoking relapse prevention: an exploratory meta-analysis. J Pub Hlth 2009; doi:10.1093/.

5. May 18, 2015 SHARPISH Intervention Forever Free Booklets BOOKLET 1 An Overview BOOKLET 2 Smoking Urges BOOKLET 3 Smoking And Weight BOOKLET 4 What If You Have A Cigarette? BOOKLET 5 Your Health BOOKLET 6 Smoking, Stress, & Mood BOOKLET 7 Lifestyle Balance BOOKLET 8 Life Without Cigarettes

6. May 18, 2015 Funder: HTA Disclaimer Acknowledgement: ‘This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in the Health Technology Assessment journal series. Visit the HTA programme website for more details www.hta.ac.uk/link to project page. The views and opinions expressed therein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Health’

7. May 18, 2015 Viv and Annie Study Co-ordinators Job sharing Two for the price of one Two heads are better than one First meeting reported on: Numbers recruited Numbers not recruited Okay, but not enough What do we do now?

8. May 18, 2015 Back to the drawing board Thought about our ethical code: Respect Honesty Aim to be: Enthusiastic Tenacious Encouraging Appreciative... pathologically positive

9. May 18, 2015 A R M S A - ahead R - realistic M - monitor S - support

10. May 18, 2015 A R M S AHEAD Recruiters’ events, and be there Outside bodies to raise profile Possible dips and peaks in recruitment REALSITIC What recruiters can do; be respectful What you can do Be prepared to let go

11. May 18, 2015 A R M S MONITOR Systematic flaws in forms, procedures Fix things before they become entrenched Identify successes and failures and learn SUPPORT At any and every opportunity Encourage successes, even small ones Really care about their work, engender this for project too

12. May 18, 2015 Black ducks and pink ducks

13. May 18, 2015 Practical application of ARMS Ensure positive presence at meetings Anonymised quotes Poems, small tokens Listen to ideas Occasional emails Updates Congratulations Fun things Parties, refresher evenings, quizzes... raise the profile... be memorable!

14. May 18, 2015 How was recruitment going? First 11 months recruitment = 550/733 (75%)

15. May 18, 2015 What to do? The possibilities are: 1. Improve recruiters’ recruitment rates 2. Increase number of recruiters 3. Increase number of sites

16. May 18, 2015 What did we do? 1. Recruiters are doing really well, continue to support 2. Increased number of recruiters With help from PCRN Enlisted advisors in primary care 3. Increased number of sites With help from PCRN Enlisted Suffolk, Herts, GY&W, Lincs

17. May 18, 2015 What happened?

18. May 18, 2015 What happened? Brilliant... But what about follow up? 92% at 2 months / 87.5% at 11 months

19. May 18, 2015 For good follow up... ULTRA FLEXIBLE Work evenings Work weekends Travel about Seek help

20. May 18, 2015 REMEMBER... Why people participate - Helping others Future patients Clinicians Help medical research Don’t have to be of benefit Weigh up perceived risk Christina Jerosch-Herold, SCoRD, UEA 2011

21. May 18, 2015 REMEMBER... A R M S A - ahead R - realistic M - monitor S – support... and be memorable

22. May 18, 2015 Thanks to... HTA PCRN Stop Smoking Services Health trainers Recruiters Our institutions Trial Management Team Steering Committee