1. New Investigations of Liquid Marbles Ed. Bormashenko, The Ariel University, Ariel, Israel Харьковский национальный университет имени В. Н. Каразина, Октябрь, 2013

3. What is a Liquid Marble? A liquid Marbles Are Non-Stick Droplets Coated with Macro- or Nano-Scaled Powder P. Aussillous, D. Quéré, Nature, 411 (2001) 924-927

4. Deformation of water marbles by gravity V=50 μl V=10 μl

5. Marbles Sit on Air! Hydrophobic particles liquid Solid substrate

6. 15 μl marble containing 0.3 M NaOH water solution floating on the water containing phenolphthalein alcohol solution (0.1% wt.) Coloring after puncturing the marble E. Bormashenko, Ye. Bormashenko, A. Musin, Z. Barkay, ChemPhysChem 2009, 10, 654

7. 30 μl marble containing 0.1 M CaCl 2 water solution floating on the 0.1 M Na 2 CO 3 water solution before puncturing with a needle CaCO 3 precipitate formed after puncturing the marble E. Bormashenko, Ye. Bormashenko, A. Musin, Z. Barkay, ChemPhysChem 2009, 10, 654

8. Floating Marbles Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 333, 2009, 419. Ed. Bormashenko, Ye. Bormashenko, Al. Musin

9. Revealing Water Surface Pollution with Liquid Marbles E. Bormashenko, A. Musin Applied Surface Science, 255, 12, 2009, 6429-6431

10. Superhydrophobic Behavior of Liquid Marbles

11. Motivation Liquid marbles – an alternative approach to manufacturing non-stick surfaces Liquid marbles – an alternative approach to manufacturing non-stick surfaces Study of physical properties of liquid marbles Study of physical properties of liquid marbles Study of the possibility of remote actuation of liquid marbles Study of the possibility of remote actuation of liquid marbles

12. Materials: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Polyethylene (PE) Polyethylene (PE) Lycopodium Lycopodium Carbon black (hydrophilic!) Carbon black (hydrophilic!)

13. Lycopodium Particles

14. ESEM Image of the Marble Surface (Coated with Lycopodium)

15. ESEM Image of Marble Surface (Coated with PVDF) Ed. Bormashenko, R. Pogreb, G. Whyman, Al. Musin, Ye. Bormashenko, Z. Barkay, Langmuir, 2009, 25, 1893–1896

16. Liquid Marble Coated With Carbon Black Hydrophilic particles Air pockets 15 mm ρ ~170 Ω∙m

17. Properties of Liquid Marbles What is the effective surface tension of liquid marbles? What is the effective surface tension of liquid marbles? Aussillous and D. Quéré Proceedings Royal Soc. A, 2006, 462, 973. Aussillous and D. Quéré Proceedings Royal Soc. A, 2006, 462, 973. G. McHale, S. J. Elliott, M. I. Newton, D. L. Herbertson, K. Esmer, Langmuir, 2009, 25, 529. G. McHale, S. J. Elliott, M. I. Newton, D. L. Herbertson, K. Esmer, Langmuir, 2009, 25, 529. T. Arbatan, W. Shen Langmuir, 2011, 27, 12923 T. Arbatan, W. Shen Langmuir, 2011, 27, 12923 C. Planchette, E. Lorenceau, A.-L. Biance, Soft Matter, 2012, 8, 2444. C. Planchette, E. Lorenceau, A.-L. Biance, Soft Matter, 2012, 8, 2444.

18. Surface Tension of Marbles Established with Vibrations Ed. Bormashenko, R. Pogreb, G. Whyman, Al. Musin, Ye. Bormashenko, Z., Langmuir, 2009, 25 (4), 1893–1896. R θ θ - δθ θ+δθ

19. Values of surface tension measured with different methods. maximal height method marble shape analysis vibration method PVDF 70±779±575±3 PE 66±563±360±4 Teflon60±653±553±3 Lycopodium50±560±543±3 Carbon black66±468±3- Marbles γ, mJ/m2

20. Effective Surface Tension of Marbles Pendant marbles: (A) lycopodium and (B) carbon black A B A B

21. Establishment of the effective surface tension with the pendant marble method E. Bormashenko, Al. Musin, G. Whyman, Z. Barkay, A. Starostin, V. Valtsifer, Vl. Strelnikov Colloids and Surfaces A: 425 (2013) 15-23

22. Dependence of the effective surface tension on the volume during inflation (open circles) and evaporation (solid circles) for the lycopodium coated marbles.

23. Dependence of the effective surface tension on the volume during inflation (open circles) and evaporation (solid circles) for the PVDF coated marbles.

24. Surface Tension of Liquid Marbles is of a Pronounced Hysteretic Nature E. Bormashenko, Al. Musin, G. Whyman, Z. Barkay, A. Starostin, V. Valtsifer, Vl. Strelnikov Colloids and Surfaces A: 425 (2013) 15-23

25. Actuation of Liquid Marbles

26. Ferrofluidic Marbles magnetic powder PVDF Ed. Bormashenko, R. Pogreb, Ye. Bormashenko, Al. Musin, T. Stein, Langmuir, 2008, 24, 12119–12122 V=25 cm/s

27. Ferrofluidics with Liquid Marbles g magnet Ferrofluidic marble superhydrophobic surface Ed. Bormashenko, R. Pogreb, Ye. Bormashenko, Al. Musin, T. Stein, Langmuir, 2008, 24, 12119–12122

28. Jetting Liquid Marbles (Taylor Instability) water marbles immersed in PDMS Colloid Polymer Sci. (2013) 291:1535–1539 T=1.63-1.65

29. Squared critical electric field versus inverse radius, of the spherical marble of an equivalent volume. Different slopes resemble different surface energies at the marble/oil interfaces.

30. Micro-Pump Based on Liquid Marbles Bormashenko, E. et al, Applied Physics Letters, 97 (2010) 091908

31. Parameters of the Micro-Pump

32. Marbles Swallowing One Another

33. Composite Liquid Marbles and Their Actuation

34. PTFE (white) and carbon black coated (black) 20 µl liquid marbles

35. Preparing Janus Marbles Ed Bormashenko, Ye. Bormashenko, R. Pogreb, O. Gendelman, Janus Droplets: Liquid Marbles Coated with Dielectric/Semiconductor Particles Langmuir 2011, 27(1), 7–10 vibration

36. Composite 40 µl Janus liquid marble

37. Watermelon-like marble obtained by merging of two Janus marbles

38. The sequence of images demonstrating the rotation of the Janus marble by the growing electric field Ed Bormashenko, Ye. Bormashenko, R. Pogreb, O. Gendelman, Janus Droplets: Liquid Marbles Coated with Dielectric/Semiconductor Particles Langmuir 2011, 27(1), 7–10

39. The sequence of images illustrating the behavior of composed marble exposed to electric field. A. Initial state, the composite marble built of the water (red) and CH 2 I 2 ( white) of the same volume of 10 µl. B. Water marble climbed on the MI one. A B A B

40. 10 µl MI (white) and 10 µl water (red) marbles exposed to the electric field. The initial state E=0, B. The marbles exposed to E=7 ×10 5 V/m C. 10 µl MI (white) and 40 µl water (red) marbles exposed to the electric field. The initial state E=0, D. The marbles exposed to E=7 ×10 5 V/m

41. Sensitivity of water and Sensitivity of water and diiodomethane (CH 2 I 2 ) marbles to electric field

42. same radii

43. Manufacturing “sandwich marbles” containing solid particles liquid powder foamed PS ball

44. Sandwich water marbles containing spherical particle of foamed PS

45. Manufacturing “sandwich marbles” Liquids: Hexadecane or Toluene FD-POSS powder DMSO

46. Sandwich Marbles: Hexadecane Marble Comprising DMSO (Red)

47. Micro-Reactors Based on Marbles The shell enwrapping the marble is permeable for gases Marbles containing a solution of ammonia acetate, acetic acid and acetylacetone exposed to the formaldehyde vapor Bormashenko E, et al International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 9 (2011) S10.

48. Pickering-like emulsions obtained via liquid marbles (water marbles immersed in PDMS) Bormashenko E., Pogreb R., Musin Al., Stable water and glycerol marbles immersed in organic liquids: From liquid marbles to Pickering-like emulsions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 366 (2012) 196–199.

49. Lycopodium-coated shaped marbles

50. Conclusions Liquid marbles are non-stick droplets coated with hydrophobic or hydrophilic powder Marbles are separated from a substrate by air pockets Janus and composite marbles could be manufactured

51. Conclusions *Surface Tension of Liquid Marbles is of a Pronounced Hysteretic Nature *Marbles could be actuated with magnetic and electric fields *Possible applications of marbles: Micro-fluidic devices, Gas sensing Precise transport of small quantities of liquids, Revealing of water pollution, blood typing

52. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Professor M. Zinigrad for his continuous support of our research activity The authors are grateful to Professor M. Zinigrad for his continuous support of our research activity The authors are thankful to Mrs. Zahava Barkay for SEM and ESEM imaging The authors are thankful to Mrs. Zahava Barkay for SEM and ESEM imaging

53. Thanks for Invitation! Thanks for Invitation!