1. Tohono O’odham Nation Monsoon Climatology George Ackerman

2. Purpose Develop monsoon climatology for TON Identify variables to predict onset and intensity

3. Monsoon start The word monsoon How the monsoon develops Subtropical Ridge moves north Wind shift from westerly to southerly/easterly Moisture inflow / surges Convective thunderstorms

4. TON Location Map Generations Traditional crops Tepary, 60 d corn Runoff agriculture Diabetes Return to diet Return to Runoff Clim help Ag Study Location

5. Data North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) DVD, 1979-2002, daily and monthly Monsoon onset dates from Marlow, daily data Antecedent (mam) dataset, monthly data Monsoon onset +/- 30,60,90 day composite dataset, daily data

6. Methodology Climatology- onset dates, composite dataset & Grads were used By using the monsoon onset date Also maps were constructed showing correlation MAM and TON

7. Climatology: Relative Humidity Time series

8. Climatology: Precipitation Time series

13. Tmp2m correlation

14. Tmp2m onset correlation

15. Summary Developed pre monsoon and monsoon climatology for the TON Examine the 1984 wet year compared to the climatology Examine antecedent variables for prediction of onset & intensity NARR dataset was very useful More research is needed to identify variables to predict onset and intensity Talk to the elders about monsoon