1. DR ROJANAH KAHAR JPMPK, FEM. TOPIC 6 & 7 PROBLEM SOLVING/ PLANNED CHANGE FEM3108 DR ROJANAH KAHAR

2. NOTE: Another term often used to describe what generalist practitioners do is PROBLEM SOLVING, initially introduced by Social Work Pioneer Helen Harris 1957. Essentially problem solving refers to the same process as planned change, although many debate the nuances of differences. DR ROJANAH KAHAR

3. Planned Change PC is the development and implementation of strategy for improving or altering ‘some specified condition, pattern of behaviour or set of circumstances in an effort to improve a client’s social functioning or wellbeing. DR ROJANAH KAHAR

4. Planned Change Is a PROCESS whereby SW engage a client, access issues, strengths and problems and establish a plan of action, implement the plan, evaluate its effect, terminate the process and so subsequent follow-up to monitor the client’s ongoing status. DR ROJANAH KAHAR

5. Generalist Intervention Model GIM is a practice model providing step by step direction concerning how to undertake the planned change process, which is generally directed at addressing problems. DR ROJANAH KAHAR

6. Three Major Features of GIM 1.GIM assumes that workers acquire eclectic knowledge base, a wide range of skills to target any size system and a professional value base. 2.It’s core 7 step planned change process that emphasized the assessment and use of client’s strengths. DR ROJANAH KAHAR

7. 3. Generalist approach which means virtually any problem may be analyzed from multiple levels of intervention. * Hence: GIM is oriented toward addressing problems and issues that involve not only individual, but also groups, organization, communities, and even major social policy DR ROJANAH KAHAR

8. Planned 7 Steps 1.Engagement 2.Assessment 3.Planning 4.Implementation 5.Evaluation 6.Termination 7.Follow-Up : Re assess - discontinue contact DR ROJANAH KAHAR

9. Engagement the initial period where a SW orient himself to the problem at hand and begin to establish communication and a relationship with others, Also addressing the problem Regardless of micro/meso/macro - SW must establish rapport or a harmonious relationship with clients and target systems in order to communicate and get things done. DR ROJANAH KAHAR

10. Dimensions in Engagement Demeanor – ability to convey warmth, empathy and genuineness Initial meeting’s setting affects the engagement process. Alleviating initial client anxiety Introducing the purpose and role DR ROJANAH KAHAR

11. 2. ASSESSMENT Assessment is the ‘differential individualized and accurate identification and evaluation of problems, people and situation and of their interrelations to serve as a sound basis for differential helping interventions (Siporin, 1975 p 224) Meyer defines assessment simply as ‘knowing, understanding, evaluating, individualizing or figuring out. DR ROJANAH KAHAR

12. Current Context? Assessment is the investigation and determination of variables affecting an identified problem or issues as viewed from micro, meso and macro perspective DR ROJANAH KAHAR

13. Refer to Figure 1.4 & 1.5 Assessment refer to gathering relevant information about a problem so that decisions can be made about what to do to solve it. Assessment can involve preparation for intervention at any level of practice. Assessment include 4 sub-steps: 1.Identify your client 2.Assess the client-in-situation from micro, mezzo, macro and diversity perspective. 3.Cite information about clients problems and needs. 4.Identify client strengths. DR ROJANAH KAHAR

14. 3. PLANNING ( F 1.6) Planning what to DO. Planning follows assessment in the problem solving process Planning involve 8 substeps: –Work with client –Prioritize problems –Translate problems into needs –Evaluate levels of intervention for each need –Establish goals –Specify Objectives –Specify actions steps –Formalize a contract DR ROJANAH KAHAR

15. 4: IMPLEMENTATION The actual doing of the plan Details in Chapter 7. DR ROJANAH KAHAR

16. 5: EVALUATION Evaluation of implementation in GIM is critical for accountability Evaluation techniques are becoming increasingly more effective. They involve the application of research principles to GP DR ROJANAH KAHAR

17. 6: TERMINATION The relationship must come to an end. DR ROJANAH KAHAR

18. 7: FOLLOW UP  Is the re-examination of a client’s situation at some point after the intervention is completed.  Its purpose is to monitor its ongoing effects. DR ROJANAH KAHAR