1. Making Safe and Drug-Free Decisions

2. In your Teen Health textbook, the “Making Safe & Drug-Free Decisions” unit is Unit 4 (Pages 266-339)
Ch 11: Medicines and Drugs ( )
Ch 12: Tobacco ( )
Ch 13: Alcohol ( )

3. This presentation will focus on the topic of DRUGS
We have other separate lessons on:
ALCOHOL and
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM & SMOKING
This presentation will focus on the topic of DRUGS

4. This slide show will cover:
Definitions
Classifying Drugs and Medicines
Types of Medicines
How Drugs enter the Body
Cycle of Addiction
Why People Use Drugs
Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens
Narcotics
Marijuana (THC)
Club Drugs
Inhalants

5. PART 1: Definitions

6. What are DRUGS?
Substances (other than food) that change the structure or function of the body or mind

7. Examples of DRUGS: Cough Medicine Tylenol Penicillin
Blood Pressure Pills
Alcohol
Tobacco
Crack Cocaine
Marijuana

8. What is a PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG?
Mind-altering drugs
Drugs that affect a person’s mood or behavior
Not all drugs are mind altering
What is a PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG?

9. Examples of PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS:
Alcohol & Depressants
Nicotine, Caffeine, Stimulants
Marijuana (THC)
LSD, PCP, and Hallucinogens
Heroin, Morphine, Narcotics
Club Drugs, Inhalants
Examples of PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS:

10. What are MEDICINES?
Drugs used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions

11. Examples of MEDICINES:
Insulin for Diabetes
Advil for Headaches
Polio Vaccine
Rolaids for Upset Stomach
Allegra for Allergies

12. Effects of a medicine other than the one intended
What are SIDE EFFECTS?

13. FOR EXAMPLE: Aspirin may cause stomach irritation or allergy medicine may make you drowsy

14. Using a drug or medicine for its intended purpose
What is DRUG USE?
Using a drug or medicine for its intended purpose

15. Examples of DRUG USE: Taking Tylenol as directed for a headache
Following a prescription of Insulin for Diabetes
An adult having a glass of wine at dinner

16. Taking a drug which results in short-term, problems
These problems might be mild or severe, depending on the drug
What is DRUG MISUSE?

17. Examples of DRUG MISUSE:
Not following a prescription
Using someone else’s medicine
Taking too much of a drug
Getting drunk and acting foolish
Examples of DRUG MISUSE:

18. What is DRUG ABUSE? Taking a drug which results in long-term problems
Often permanent, severe, and fatal

19. Examples of DRUG ABUSE:
Drinking and driving
Taking any illegal drug
Being addicted to a drug
Committing crimes to support an addiction

20. PART 2: Classifying Drugs and Medicines

21. How are Medicines and Drugs classified?
OVER-THE-COUNTER
PRESCRIPTION
ILLEGAL

22. (1) Over-The-Counter Drugs:
Can be purchased and taken without a written order from a doctor
Examples: Alcohol, Tobacco, Caffeine, Aspirin, Tylenol, Rolaids, Robitussin, Neosporin

23. The government requires all over-the-counter drugs contain information in a standardized, consumer-friendly format. These "Drug Facts" labels are similar in format to the Nutrition Facts label for foods.

24. (2) Prescription Drugs:
Can be sold and taken only with a written order from a doctor
Examples: Insulin, Valium, Penicillin, Lipitor, Vicodin, etc.

25. If you are ever given a prescription for a drug, make sure to read the label:
See page 271 in the Teen Health textbook about Prescription Medicine Labels
The next slide has a sample label to examine

27. (3) Illegal Drugs: Not legal to buy, sell, or use
Examples: Heroin, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, LSD, PCP, etc.

28. Illegal drugs … Have no labels Have no instructions
Have no safety information
Have not been inspected by the government for quality and consistency of dose

29. ANSWER:
YES !!!
QUESTION: Do all 3 of these categories of drugs have the potential to be misused or abused?

30. REMEMBER: Any drug can be misused or abused… even if it is legal or you have a prescription!
Just ask this guy!

31. ANSWER: Over-The-Counter
QUESTION: Which of those three categories of drugs kills the most people in the US each year?

32. REMEMBER: Tobacco and Alcohol kill over 500,000 people in the US each year!

33. That’s more than Heroin, Cocaine, Meth, LSD, PCP, Crack, Drownings, Fires, Motor Vehicle Accidents, Suicides and Homicides … combined !!!

34. PART 3: Types of Medicines

35. Let’s look at a few types of medicines (pages 272-273)
Vaccines
Antibiotics
Analgesics
Anesthetics

36. (1) Vaccines:
Vaccines prevent a person from developing a communicable disease
A vaccine is a preparation of dead or weakened germs that cause a person’s immune system to produce antibodies

37. (1) Vaccines:
We vaccinate children against Polio, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, etc.
How has the invention of vaccines helped our society and affected the health of people all over the world?

38. (2) Antibiotics:
Antibiotics reduce or kill harmful bacteria in the body
The first antibiotic was penicillin.
Ampicillin, amoxicillin and benzylpenicilllin are widely used today to treat a variety of infections.

39. (2) Antibiotics:
You take antibiotics when you are currently sick. (Unlike vaccines, which you take before you ever get sick.)
Both antibiotics and vaccines are Prescription Drugs

40. (3) Analgesics: Analgesics are drugs that relieve pain
Common O-T-C examples:
Aspirin
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Ibuprofen (Advil, Midol)

41. (3) Analgesics: Common Prescription examples:
Oxycodone
Tramadol
Vicodin
Why and how do people get addicted to pain relievers?

42. (4) Anesthetics:
Drugs that allow doctors to do surgeries that would otherwise be too painful
Can you imagine a having a cavity filled at the dentist or having your appendix removed without anesthesia?

43. (4) Anesthetics:
LOCAL anesthetics numb only a small area of the body. You are still conscious.
GENERAL anesthetics numb your entire body. You are not conscious.

44. PART 4: How Drugs Enter The Body

45. How can drugs enter the body?
Ingestion
Injection
Inhalation
Absorption

46. (1) Ingestion:
Pills, capsules, tablets, or liquids which are swallowed
Absorbed into the bloodstream in the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine

47. (2) Injection:
Needle puts the drug directly into a vein, muscle, or skin
Fastest way to get a drug into your bloodstream

48. (3) Inhalation: Drug is breathed in or inhaled
Liquid mist or powder is absorbed into the blood through the sinuses or lungs

49. (4) Absorption: Ointments are applied to the skin
Drug passes through the skin into the bloodstream

50. PART 5: Cycle Of Addiction

51. Many drugs, if taken often enough, can lead to addiction or physical dependence
Addiction often follows a pattern or cycle…
Cycle of Addiction:

52. The Cycle of Addiction Has Three Parts:
1. TOLERANCE:
3. WITHDRAWAL
SYMPTOMS:
2. ADDICTION:
(Physical Dependence)

53. 1. TOLERANCE:
Your body becomes used to the effects of a drug

54. 1. TOLERANCE:
After repeated doses, it takes more and more of the drug to achieve the same effect.

55. 2. ADDICTION:
Your body and mind will not function normally unless the drug is taken.

56. 2. ADDICTION:
Without the drug, the user will suffer painful withdrawal symptoms

57. 3. WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS:
Physical and mental reactions which occur when an addict does not take the drug

58. 3. WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS:
May include nausea, vomiting, trembling, seizures, headaches, hallucinations, irregular heartbeat, and even death

59. Psychological Dependence:
In addition to being hooked physically, many users get addicted mentally and emotionally, too
Psychological Dependence:

60. Psychological Dependence:
This makes it even more difficult to quit using drugs
The user must break both the physical and psychological addiction!

61. Most young people don’t fully understand this when they start drinking, smoking, or using other drugs
They think: “I can quit any time I want!”
CAN THEY?

62. How can you tell if you are developing a problem?
Take the T.W.E.A.K. test on the next slide

63. Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program
The T.W.E.A.K. Test 2 1
T (tolerance) “How many drinks / how many pills / how many hits can you hold?” A lot?
W (worried) “Have close friends or relatives worried or complained about your drinking/drugging in the past year?”
E (eye opener) “Do you sometimes take drugs or a drink in the morning when you first get up?”
A (amnesia) “Has a friend or family member ever told you about things you said or did while drinking or drugging that you could not remember?”
K (cut down) “Do you sometimes feel the need to cut down on your drinking and drugging?”
5. Screening Tools: {Slide 6}
a. The TWEAK is better than the CAGE for youth. The TWEAK takes about 3 minutes to administer and score [13].
b. Pediatricians can easily use the TWEAK.
c. Tolerance is tricky to assess as youth are in puberty and growing rapidly (e.g., 3 drinks for a 100-lb. boy won't give the same effect once he's 120 lbs. 6 months later).
d. KEY POINT: having any of these 5 TWEAK items is a bad sign in an adolescent.
e. The Personal Experiences Questionnaire (or "PESQ") is a self-report questionnaire that takes about minutes to administer, but it provides more a detailed screening on teens [10].
Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program
3 risky drug/alcohol use

64. PART 6: Why People Use Drugs

65. Answer this question: Why do people take drugs?
How many different reasons can we come up with as a class?

66. Why do people take drugs?
YOUR LIST MAY INCLUDE:
To rebel against authority
To deal with pain
Poor self-esteem
Stress, anxiety
Peer pressure
To get buff
To be cool
Boredom
Why do people take drugs?

67. Why do people take drugs?
YOUR LIST MAY INCLUDE:
Medical reasons
To get energy and wake up
To relax, wind down
To deal with reality
To escape reality
To have fun
To fit in
Curiosity

68. Why do people take drugs?
Are there reasons you had on your list that were not included in the slide show?
Why do people take drugs?

69. Why do people take drugs?
Except for “medical reasons” are any of these reasons valid or acceptable?
Are any of the reasons OK?

70. Why do people take drugs?
In other words, can you “fit in” or “rebel against authority” or “deal with stress” without using drugs and alcohol?
Do the “Instead of Using Drugs” worksheet
Why do people take drugs?

71. The next seven sections of this lesson deal with various categories of psychoactive (mind-altering) drugs

72. PART 7: Stimulants

73. 7. Stimulants: Substances that speed up the brain and body activity
Common examples:
Caffeine
Nicotine
Cocaine , Crack Cocaine
Amphetamines (Meth)

74. CAFFEINE is a mild stimulant found in coffee, tea, soda, and energy drinks
Too much caffeine can be a problem. Just ask Phillip J. Fry
7. Stimulants:

75. 7. Stimulants: NICOTINE is a powerful stimulant found in tobacco
Tobacco is linked to:
Heart Disease
Cancer
Stroke
Lung Diseases

76. COCAINE is a strong stimulant made from the leaves of the South American coca plant
Often snorted in powder form or smoked or injected
7. Stimulants:

77. 7. Stimulants: CRACK is made from cocaine and is much stronger
Usually smoked through a pipe
Very addictive and dangerous

78. AMPHETAMINES are very strong man-made stimulants which are produced with various chemicals
METH (Crystal) is a special form of amphetamine
7. Stimulants:

79. 7. Stimulants:
FACES OF METH

80. 7. Stimulants: Stimulant Abuse can lead to: Dizziness/Nausea
Decreased Appetite
Body Tremors
False Feelings of Power
Kidney Problems
7. Stimulants:

81. 7. Stimulants: Stimulant Abuse can lead to: Irregular Heartbeat
Loss of Coordination
Psychosis, Brain Damage
Anxiety, Panic Attacks
Birth Defects
Legal Problems, Jail
Coma/Death

82. PART 8: Depressants

83. 8. Depressants: Substances that slow down the brain and body activity
Common examples:
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Tranquilizers
Sedative Hypnotics
Some Club Drugs

84. 8. Depressants: ALCOHOL is the most widely-used depressant drug
Found in beer, wine, hard liquor, etc.
Over-the –counter if over 21 years old
8. Depressants:

85. 8. Depressants: ALCOHOL causes many problems in society: Car accidents
Violence and crime
Family problems
Alcoholism
Liver diseases
Cancers

86. 8. Depressants: TRANQUILIZERS can help reduce stress and relax muscles
Examples: Valium, Librium, Xanax
Never mix with alcohol
Addictive
8. Depressants:

87. 8. Depressants:
SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS are very strong drugs that bring on sleep
Examples: Quaaludes, Ambien, Sonata, Lunestra, Sominex, Unisom
Never mix with alcohol and they are addictive

88. BARBITURATES are very strong depressant drugs used for several medical reasons
Examples: Seconal, Nembutal, Amytal and Tuinal
Much stronger than hypnotics and tranquilizers
NEVER mix with alcohol
8. Depressants:

89. All depressant abuse risks are similar to alcohol abuse risks:
Addiction
Job, money problems
Foolish behavior
Poor decisions
Eating, sleeping problems
Accidents, injuries
Overdose
Birth defects
Stop breathing, heartbeat
Coma, death
8. Depressants:

90. PART 9: Hallucinogens

91. 9. Hallucinogens:
Drugs that distort or alter moods, thoughts, and senses
Examples:
L.S.D.
P.C.P.
Mushrooms
Peyote

92. 9. Hallucinogens: Hallucinogen Effects:
Five senses may become intensified or mixed-up
Delusions,
Hallucinations,
Stimulation,
Impaired judgment and reasoning
9. Hallucinogens:

93. 9. Hallucinogens: LSD: very powerful man-made drug
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
Often sold on blotters that appear like postage stamps

94. 9. Hallucinogens: LSD: very strange unpredictable effects
Flashbacks: effects of the drug recur days, weeks, or months later
“Trips” can be very good or very bad
9. Hallucinogens:

95. 9. Hallucinogens: PCP: very dangerous drug known as “Phencyclidine”
Called “Angel Dust”
Often smoked, added to marijuana, or made into pills

96. PCP: often causes extreme reactions such as rage, anger, paranoia
Numbs the skin, so people often get hurt on PCP and do not know it
Police do not like folks on PCP
9. Hallucinogens:

97. 9. Hallucinogens:
MUSHROOMS: certain types of mushrooms contain the drug “psilocybin”
Not all mushrooms have this drug
Many types of mushrooms are very poisonous

98. 9. Hallucinogens: PEYOTE CACTUS: contains the drug “mescaline”
Several cultures and religions still consider this cactus special or sacred
9. Hallucinogens:

99. 9. Hallucinogens: Hallucinogen Risks:
Increased heart rate or blood pressure,
Tremors, shaking
Lose coordination,
Sleeplessness, coma,
Incoherent speech,
Decreased sensitivity to pain,

100. 9. Hallucinogens: Hallucinogen Risks: Heart or lung failure,
Dry mouth,
Dilated pupils,
Psychological dependence,
Flashbacks
Birth defects
Coma, Death
9. Hallucinogens:

101. PART 10: Narcotics

102. 10. Narcotics:
Drugs made from the Opium Poppy Flower which relieve pain
Opium is used to make:
Paregoric
Codeine
Prescription pain medicines
Morphine
Heroin

103. 10. Narcotics: All opium-based drugs are extremely addictive!
Codeine and Paregoric prescribed sometimes
Morphine: Only in extreme cases of pain
Heroin: Illegal, almost no medical uses
10. Narcotics:

104. 10. Narcotics:
PAREGORIC: is a mild narcotic used to treat digestive problems
Taken by mouth as a liquid
Prescription only

105. 10. Narcotics: CODEINE: stronger narcotic pain reliever
In prescription cough medicines
Often combined with Tylenol or other drugs in a prescription pill
10. Narcotics:

106. 10. Narcotics:
NARCOTIC PAIN RELIEVERS which are often prescribed (and abused) in pills include:
DEMEROL (meperidine)
VICODIN (hydrocodone)
LORTAB (hydrocodone)
PERCOCET (oxycodone)

107. MORPHINE: powerful pain reliever over 10 times stronger than codeine
Given to patients after major surgery or people with terminal illnesses, such as cancer
10. Narcotics:

108. 10. Narcotics: HEROIN is several times stronger than morphine
Cooked up and usually injected intravenously
Not legal, almost no medical uses

109. 10. Narcotics: NARCOTICS Risks: Dizzy, lose balance
Loss of coordination
Confusion
Sleepy
Itchy skin
Kidney and liver damage
Birth defects
10. Narcotics:

110. 10. Narcotics: NARCOTICS Risks: Pass out Criminal activity
Collapsed veins
Tolerance, addiction and withdrawal cycle
Infections at injection site
Diseases from sharing needles
Overdose, death
10. Narcotics:

111. PART 11: Marijuana (THC)

112. 11. Marijuana (THC) Comes from the Cannabis sativa plant
The flowering leaves of the plant have an oil or resin with THC (delta 9- tetrahydocannabinol
11. Marijuana (THC)

113. 11. Marijuana (THC)
THC is the substance in Marijuana which is mind-altering
Marijuana is usually smoked but can be eaten
THC can be taken in pill form

114. Hash/Hashish - Concentrated form of marijuana made by compressing marijuana resins into small blocks.
11. Marijuana (THC)

115. 11. Marijuana (THC) Marijuana use is illegal
Marijuana use is psychologically addictive

116. Marijuana is sometimes prescribed to help patients deal with the pain and nausea of cancer and other diseases.
11. Marijuana (THC)

117. 11. Marijuana (THC) MARIJUANA RISKS: Reduces memory
Slows reaction time
Poor coordination
Impaired judgment
Reduced ambition
Panic attacks
Lung and heart damage

118. 11. Marijuana (THC) Family problems MARIJUANA RISKS: Increase appetite
Lower body temperature
Hormone levels affected
Birth defects
Psychological dependence
Family problems
Legal problems
11. Marijuana (THC)

119. PART 12: Club Drugs

120. 12. Club Drugs Drugs associated with concerts, clubs, and raves
Common club drugs:
Rohypnol
GHB
Ketamine
Ecstasy
Alcohol, Marijuana, Meth and LSD and others
12. Club Drugs

121. 12. Club Drugs Many club drugs have no color, odor, or taste
DRUG SLIPPING: The practice of placing a drug in someone’s food or drink without their knowledge
Why is this done?

122. Drug Slipping is done to make a person pass out or become defenseless
Both men and women could potentially:
Have stolen keys, money, jewelry, credit cards
Be kidnapped, killed
Be sexually assaulted
12. Club Drugs

123. 12. Club Drugs ROHYPNOL: Depressant drug, also called Roofies
Commonly used as a date rape drug (pill, powder, liquid)
Victim often passes out and often has no memory or recollection of the event

124. GHB: depressant drug also called Liquid X and Georgia Home Boy (Gammahydroxybutrate)
Also used as a date rape drug (pill , powder, liquid)
Very dangerous when mixed with alcohol
12. Club Drugs

125. 12. Club Drugs KETAMINE: Anesthetic used on animals by veterinarians
Often snorted or injected and abused at clubs
Can cause hallucinations, numbness, stop your breathing, coma, death

126. 12. Club Drugs Ketamine, Rohypnol, and GHB all have similar risks
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting
Falling down, passing out
Defenseless victim
Depressed breathing and heart rate
Seizures
Memory loss
Coma, death
12. Club Drugs

127. 12. Club Drugs
ECSTASY: (MDMA) Both a dangerous stimulant and a hallucinogen
Probably the most abused drug at clubs and raves (along with alcohol)

128. 12. Club Drugs ECSTASY: One of the most dangerous illegal drugs
Usually taken in colorful, stamped pill form
Also called “E” “X” and “XTC”
12. Club Drugs

130. 12. Club Drugs ECSTASY: Risks: Eating problems Altered Sleep
Very tired
Sadness, midweek blues
Memory Loss
Lack of Attention and Concentration

131. 12. Club Drugs ECSTASY: More severe risks Dehydration
Exhausted, pass out
Hyperthermia (106 oF)
Seizures
Increased Heart Rate
Kidney Failure
High Blood Pressure
Heart Failure, death
12. Club Drugs

132. PART 13: Inhalants

133. Inhalants are breathable chemical vapors that produce mind altering effects.
Also called “huffing”
13. INHALANTS:

134. 13. INHALANTS:
Inhalants are often abused because they are readily available, inexpensive, and can be found almost anywhere.
Different types of inhalants:
Solvents
Gases
Nitrites

135. Inhalants are ingested into the body by breathing in the vapors of the product.
Use of a Bag
Use of a Rag
Pressurized Containers
13. INHALANTS:

136. 13. INHALANTS: Household items are often abused: Glue/Rubber Cement
White-out
Aerosols/Hair Spray
Toxic Markers
Gasoline/Propane
Room Odorizers

137. 13. INHALANTS: Use of inhalants can cause serious long term damage:
Sight/Vision Disorders
Liver Damage
Kidney Damage
Bone Marrow Damage
Brain Damage
Paralysis/Death
13. INHALANTS:

138. What should the last few slides say?

139. If you don’t get it yet, the joke’s on you!