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Sensation & Perception

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Presentation on theme: "Sensation & Perception"— Presentation transcript:

1 Sensation & Perception
Sensation: Detection of stimuli Perception: Interpretation, identification, and organization of sensory information

2 Sensation: Detection of stimuli
The Senses Vision Light Hearing Sound waves Touch Pressure, temperature Taste Chemicals Smell Chemicals Balance Gravity Movement Kinaethesia Proprioception Limb position

3 Sensation Bottom-Up Processing
analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information reflects physical stimuli veridically (accurately)

4 Absolute threshold - The minimum amount of energy our senses can consciously detect 50% of the time.
Vision – candle flame at 30 miles Hearing – ticking watch at 20 feet Taste – 1 tsp sugar in 1 gal water Smell – 1 drop perfume through 3 rooms Touch – bee wing falling on face at 1 cm

5 Sensation - Thresholds
Difference Threshold Also called “just noticeable difference” or JND the smallest difference between two stimuli that is detectable 50 percent of the time Smallest detectable difference between two stimuli

6 Adaptation & Habituation
Sensory adaptation - tendency of sensory receptors to fatigue and stop responding to an unchanging stimulus. This is a physical, bottom-up process

7 Habituation Habituation - tendency of the brain to stop noticing constant, unchanging information. Example – your clothing, fan noise, perfume!

8 Psychophysics study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them Light- brightness Sound- volume Pressure- weight Taste- sweetness

9 Perception Perceptual cues are used Perception is active, constructive
Perceptual interpretations can be wrong (illusions) Perception is affected by experience

10 Perception Top-Down Processing
information processing guided by higher-level mental processes when we construct perceptions by drawing on our experience and expectations Often imposes a meaning that does not exist in the physical stimulus (not veridical)

11 Top Down Processing Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a total mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh?

12 Perceptual Organization
Top- down process (individualized by experience) how your brain makes sense of the world, which includes “hiding” from you certain changes in stimuli so that the stimuli continue to appear constant to you

13 Gestalt Principles of Perception

14 Perception of Depth Images on the retina are 2-D
How do we perceive 3-D (depth)? CUE approach – we learn the connection between cues and depth through experience, yielding 3-D perceptions

15 Binocular Cues Binocular cues - cues for perceiving depth based on both eyes. retinal disparity images from the two eyes differ closer the object, the larger the disparity 2. convergence neuromuscular cue two eyes move inward (converge) more as objects get nearer

16 Monocular Cues Monocular cues (pictorial depth cues) – cues for perceiving depth based on one eye only. Linear perspective Relative size Interposition (overlap) Texture gradient Motion parallax Menu


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